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. 2018 Sep;25(27):27471-27482.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2777-5. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Optimal strategies for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater and microalgae biomass production

Fariba Rezvani  1   2 , Mohammad-Hossein Sarrafzadeh  3 , Seong-Hyun Seo  2 , Hee-Mock Oh  2
Affiliations

Optimal strategies for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater and microalgae biomass production

Fariba Rezvani et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

Optimizing the mono-cultivation and mixed cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and an Ettlia sp. was evaluated for treating nitrate-contaminated groundwater and biomass production. Ettlia sp. showed the highest nutrient assimilation and growth rate among the three microalgae during bioremediation. Light-dark cycle was the effective condition for nutrient removal and COD mitigation by microalgae. Mixed microalgae with a larger presence of the Ettlia sp. exhibited the highest biomass productivity, nitrate-nitrogen, and phosphate-phosphorus removal rates of 0.21 g/L/d, 16.6, and 3.06 mg/L/d, respectively. An N:P mass ratio of 5 was necessary to increase the mixed-microalgal performance. The settling efficiency of the mixed microalgae increased up to 0.55 when using pH modulation during 30 min. Therefore, applying an Ettlia sp.-dominant consortium was the optimum strategy for the bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater in 3 days.

Keywords: Biomass production; Light-dark cycle; Microalgal size; Mixed cultivation; Mono-cultivation; Nitrate-contaminated groundwater.

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