El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity

Axel Timmermann^{1

2

3}, Soon-Il An⁴, Jong-Seong Kug⁵, Fei-Fei Jin⁶, Wenju Cai^{7

8

9}, Antonietta Capotondi^{10

11}, Kim M Cobb¹², Matthieu Lengaigne¹³, Michael J McPhaden¹⁴, Malte F Stuecker^{15

16}, Karl Stein^{17

18}, Andrew T Wittenberg¹⁹, Kyung-Sook Yun^{17

18}, Tobias Bayr²⁰, Han-Ching Chen²¹, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto²², Boris Dewitte^{23

24}, Dietmar Dommenget²⁵, Pamela Grothe²⁶, Eric Guilyardi^{27

28}, Yoo-Geun Ham²⁹, Michiya Hayashi⁶, Sarah Ineson³⁰, Daehyun Kang³¹, Sunyong Kim⁵, WonMoo Kim³², June-Yi Lee^{17

18}, Tim Li^{33

6}, Jing-Jia Luo³⁴, Shayne McGregor²⁵, Yann Planton²⁷, Scott Power³⁴, Harun Rashid⁷, Hong-Li Ren³⁵, Agus Santoso³⁶, Ken Takahashi³⁷, Alexander Todd³⁸, Guomin Wang³⁴, Guojian Wang⁷, Ruihuang Xie³⁹, Woo-Hyun Yang⁵, Sang-Wook Yeh⁴⁰, Jinho Yoon⁴¹, Elke Zeller^{17

18}, Xuebin Zhang⁴²

Affiliations

¹ Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
² Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
³ International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
⁴ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁵ Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.
⁶ Department of Atmospheric Science, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
⁷ CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
⁹ Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
¹⁰ Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹¹ Physical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹² Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹³ LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Universités/UPMC-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁶ Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁷ Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan, South Korea.
¹⁸ Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
¹⁹ Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA.
²⁰ GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany.
²¹ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
²² Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
²³ Centro de Estudios Avanzado en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile.
²⁴ Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale, Toulouse, France.
²⁵ School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
²⁶ Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA.
²⁷ Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), IRD/UPMC/CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France.
²⁸ NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
²⁹ Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
³⁰ Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK.
³¹ School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
³² Climate Prediction Department, APEC Climate Center, Busan, South Korea.
³³ International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
³⁴ Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁵ Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China.
³⁶ ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
³⁷ Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru.
³⁸ University of Exeter College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Exeter, UK.
³⁹ Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
⁴⁰ Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.
⁴¹ School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
⁴² CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

PMID: 30046070
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6

Review

El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity

Axel Timmermann et al. Nature. 2018 Jul.

. 2018 Jul;559(7715):535-545.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
² Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
³ International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
⁴ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁵ Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.
⁶ Department of Atmospheric Science, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
⁷ CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
⁹ Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
¹⁰ Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹¹ Physical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹² Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹³ LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Universités/UPMC-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
¹⁶ Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁷ Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan, South Korea.
¹⁸ Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
¹⁹ Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA.
²⁰ GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany.
²¹ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
²² Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
²³ Centro de Estudios Avanzado en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile.
²⁴ Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale, Toulouse, France.
²⁵ School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
²⁶ Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA.
²⁷ Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), IRD/UPMC/CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France.
²⁸ NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
²⁹ Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
³⁰ Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK.
³¹ School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
³² Climate Prediction Department, APEC Climate Center, Busan, South Korea.
³³ International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
³⁴ Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁵ Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China.
³⁶ ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
³⁷ Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru.
³⁸ University of Exeter College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Exeter, UK.
³⁹ Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
⁴⁰ Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.
⁴¹ School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
⁴² CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

PMID: 30046070
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6

Erratum in

Author Correction: El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity.
Timmermann A, An SI, Kug JS, Jin FF, Cai W, Capotondi A, Cobb KM, Lengaigne M, McPhaden MJ, Stuecker MF, Stein K, Wittenberg AT, Yun KS, Bayr T, Chen HC, Chikamoto Y, Dewitte B, Dommenget D, Grothe P, Guilyardi E, Ham YG, Hayashi M, Ineson S, Kang D, Kim S, Kim W, Lee JY, Li T, Luo JJ, McGregor S, Planton Y, Power S, Rashid H, Ren HL, Santoso A, Takahashi K, Todd A, Wang G, Wang G, Xie R, Yang WH, Yeh SW, Yoon J, Zeller E, Zhang X. Timmermann A, et al. Nature. 2019 Mar;567(7746):E3. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0994-9. Nature. 2019. PMID: 30787440

Abstract

El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.

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References

1. Carrillo, C. N. Hidrografía oceánica. Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lima 1, 72–110 (1893).
1. Bjerknes, J. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Weath. Rev. 97, 163–172 (1969).
1. McPhaden, M. J., Busalacchi, A. J. & Anderson, D. L. T. A TOGA retrospective. Oceanography 23, 86–103 (2010).
1. Cai, W. J. et al. More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming. Nature 488, 365–369 (2012). - PubMed
1. Capotondi, A. et al. Understanding ENSO diversity. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 96, 921–938 (2015).

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El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity

Affiliations

El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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