Metabolic Syndrome and Its Effect on the Brain: Possible Mechanism

Abstract

Background & objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an interconnected group of physiological, biochemical, clinical and metabolic factors that directly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mortality. Rising evidence suggests that MetS plays a significant role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, the factors linking this association has not yet been elucidated. As we are facing an increasing incidence of obesity and T2DM in all stages of life, understanding the association of MetS and neurodegenerative diseases is crucial to lessen the burden of the disease.

Conclusion: In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanisms which may relate the association between MetS and cognitive decline which include vascular damages, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation.

Keywords: International Diabetic Federation (IDF); Metabolic syndrome; brain effect; diagnosis; insulin resistance; possible pathology..