[Alcohol and Neurology]

Abstract

The nervous system is a particular target tissue for alcohol due to desired effects and numerous acute and chronic consequences. Acute consequences are due to episodes of overconsumption, withdrawal syndromes, or decompensation of nutritional deficiencies. Chronic consequences are dominated by sleep disorders, chronic pain and cognitive-behavioral disorders, stroke, and impairments of balance, peripheral nerves and muscles, resulting from direct toxicity and/or nutritional deficiencies. There is a bidirectional relationship requiring seeking: alcohol use as a causal or aggravating factor in any neurological disorder ; and neurological disorders in cases of alcohol use, especially when problematic. Management of alcohol-related neurological consequences can help reduce or stop alcohol consumption, prevent relapse, and improve patients' quality of life.