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Review
. 2018 Jun 27:2018:4629383.
doi: 10.1155/2018/4629383. eCollection 2018.

Vitamin K and Bone Metabolism: A Review of the Latest Evidence in Preclinical Studies

Solmaz Akbari  1 , Amir Alireza Rasouli-Ghahroudi  2
Affiliations
Review

Vitamin K and Bone Metabolism: A Review of the Latest Evidence in Preclinical Studies

Solmaz Akbari et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Bone is a metabolically active tissue that renews itself throughout one's life. Cytokines along with several hormonal, nutritional, and growth factors are involved in tightly regulated bone remodeling. Accordingly, vitamin K as a multifunctional vitamin has been recently deemed appreciable as a topic of research as it plays a pivotal role in maintenance of the bone strength, and it has been proved to have a positive impact on the bone metabolism. Vitamin K exerts its anabolic effect on the bone turnover in different ways such as promoting osteoblast differentiation, upregulating transcription of specific genes in osteoblasts, and activating the bone-associated vitamin k dependent proteins which play critical roles in extracellular bone matrix mineralization. There is also credible evidence to support the effects of vitamin k2 on differentiation of other mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast. The main objective of the present paper is to comprehensively outline the preclinical studies on the properties of vitamin K and its effects on the bone metabolism. The evidence could shed light on further clinical studies to improve osteogenesis in bone graft surgeries.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The scheme showing the steps of the vitamin K cycle, the enzymes involved, and the inhibitory action of warfarin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanisms of action of vitamin k on bone homeostasis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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