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Multicenter Study
. 2019 Dec 1;34(12):2118-2126.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy204.

Regional variation in the treatment and prevention of peritoneal dialysis-related infections in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

Neil Boudville  1 , David W Johnson  2 , Junhui Zhao  3 , Brian A Bieber  3 , Ronald L Pisoni  3 , Beth Piraino  4 , Judith Bernardini  4 , Sharon J Nessim  5 , Yasuhiko Ito  6 , Graham Woodrow  7 , Fiona Brown  8 , John Collins  9 , Talerngsak Kanjanabuch  10 , Cheuk-Chun Szeto  11 , Jeffrey Perl  12
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Regional variation in the treatment and prevention of peritoneal dialysis-related infections in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

Neil Boudville et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. .

Abstract

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related infections lead to significant morbidity. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines for the prevention and treatment of PD-related infections are based on variable evidence. We describe practice patterns across facilities participating in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS).

Methods: PDOPPS, a prospective cohort study, enrolled nationally representative samples of PD patients in Australia/New Zealand (ANZ), Canada, Thailand, Japan, the UK and the USA. Data on PD-related infection prevention and treatment practices across facilities were obtained from a survey of medical directors'.

Results: A total of 170 centers, caring for >11 000 patients, were included. The proportion of facilities reporting antibiotic administration at the time of PD catheter insertion was lowest in the USA (63%) and highest in Canada and the UK (100%). Exit-site antimicrobial prophylaxis was variably used across countries, with Japan (4%) and Thailand (28%) having the lowest proportions. Exit-site mupirocin was the predominant exit-site prophylactic strategy in ANZ (56%), Canada (50%) and the UK (47%), while exit-site aminoglycosides were more common in the USA (72%). Empiric Gram-positive peritonitis treatment with vancomycin was most common in the UK (88%) and USA (83%) compared with 10-45% elsewhere. Empiric Gram-negative peritonitis treatment with aminoglycoside therapy was highest in ANZ (72%) and the UK (77%) compared with 10-45% elsewhere.

Conclusions: Variation in PD-related infection prevention and treatment strategies exist across countries with limited uptake of ISPD guideline recommendations. Further work will aim to understand the impact these differences have on the wide variation in infection risk between facilities and other clinically relevant PD outcomes.

Keywords: infection; peritoneal dialysis; peritonitis.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Facility exit-site antimicrobial prophylaxis, by country involved in PDOPPS. One facility each in Japan and the USA did not answer the exit-site antimicrobial prophylaxis question.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Exit-site cleaning strategies, by country involved in PDOPPS. 14% of facilities in Thailand, 13% of facilities in the USA, 10% of facilities in Japan and none in other countries routinely alternate between various topical antibiotic preparations within patients. One facility each in Japan and Thailand and two facilities in the USA did not answer the exit-site cleaning strategies question.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Antifungal prophylaxis use, by country involved in PDOPPS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. ANZDATA Registry. 39th Report, Chapter 1: Incidence of End Stage Kidney Disease. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Adelaide, Australia, 2017. Available at: http://www.anzdata.org.au (25 June 2018, date last accessed).
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    1. Boudville N, Kemp A, Clayton P. et al. Recent peritonitis associates with mortality among patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23: 1398–1405 - PMC - PubMed
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