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Review
. 2018 Jul 27;10(8):246.
doi: 10.3390/cancers10080246.

Metabolomics Biomarkers for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review

Vanessa Erben  1   2 , Megha Bhardwaj  3   4 , Petra Schrotz-King  5 , Hermann Brenner  6   7   8
Affiliations
Review

Metabolomics Biomarkers for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review

Vanessa Erben et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Several approaches have been suggested to be useful in the early detection of colorectal neoplasms. Since metabolites are closely related to the phenotype and are available from different human bio-fluids, metabolomics are candidates for non-invasive early detection of colorectal neoplasms.

Objectives: We aimed to summarize current knowledge on performance characteristics of metabolomics biomarkers that are potentially applicable in a screening setting for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms.

Design: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science and searched for biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms in easy-to-collect human bio-fluids. Information on study design and performance characteristics for diagnostic accuracy was extracted.

Results: Finally, we included 41 studies in our analysis investigating biomarkers in different bio-fluids (blood, urine, and feces). Although single metabolites mostly had limited ability to distinguish people with and without colorectal neoplasms, promising results were reported for metabolite panels, especially amino acid panels in blood samples, as well as nucleosides in urine samples in several studies. However, validation of the results is limited.

Conclusions: Panels of metabolites consisting of amino acids in blood and nucleosides in urinary samples might be useful biomarkers for early detection of advanced colorectal neoplasms. However, to make metabolomic biomarkers clinically applicable, future research in larger studies and external validation of the results is required.

Keywords: biomarkers; colorectal neoplasms; early detection; human bio-fluids; metabolomics; sensitivity; specificity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram for systematic literature research using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sensitivity and 1-specificity of blood-based metabolic biomarker panels (a) and single biomarkers (b). In (a), not validates biomarker panels are marked in green, and (internally) validated panels are marked in blue color. Abbreviations: Ala, alanine; C7, benzoic acid; C8, octanoic acid; C10, decanoic acid; Gln, glutamine; GluL, glucuronic lactone; His, histidine.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sensitivity and 1-specificity of urine and stool-based metabolic biomarker panels. Urine based biomarker panels are presented in blue; the only stool based panel reporting on sensitivity and specificity is shown in red.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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