. 2018 Jul 16;11(1):15.

doi: 10.1186/s40413-018-0194-3. eCollection 2018.

Geolocation with respect to personal privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

D Samreth¹, S Arnavielhe¹, F Ingenrieth², A Bedbrook³, G L Onorato³, R Murray⁴, R Almeida⁵, M A Mizani⁶, J Fonseca⁵, E Costa⁷, J Malva⁸, M Morais-Almeida⁹, A M Pereira¹⁰, A Todo-Bom¹¹, E Menditto¹², C Stellato¹³, M T Ventura¹⁴, D Larenas-Linnemann¹⁵, J-M Fuentes-Pérez¹⁶, Y R Huerta-Villalobos¹⁶, A A Cruz¹⁷, R Stelmach¹⁸, J da Silva¹⁹, R Emuzyte²⁰, V Kvedariene²¹, A Valiulis^{22

23}, I Annesi-Maesano²⁴, I Bosse²⁵, P Demoly²⁶, P Devillier²⁷, J F Fontaine²⁸, P Kuna²⁹, B Samolinski³⁰, L Klimek³¹, R Mösges^{32

33}, O Pfaar^{31

34}, S Shamai^{32

33}, M Bewick³⁵, D Ryan^{36

37}, A Sheikh⁶, J M Anto^{38

39

40

41}, V Cardona⁴², J Mullol⁴³, A Valero⁴⁴, N H Chavannes⁴⁵, W J Fokkens⁴⁶, S Reitsma⁴⁶, R E Roller-Wirnsberger⁴⁷, P V Tomazic⁴⁸, T Haahtela⁴⁹, S Toppila-Salmi⁴⁹, E Valovirta⁵⁰, M Makris^{51

52}, N G Papadopoulos^{51

52}, E P Prokopakis⁵³, F Psarros⁵⁴, B Gemicioğlu⁵⁵, A Yorgancioglu⁵⁶, C Bindslev-Jensen⁵⁷, E Eller⁵⁷, I Kull⁵⁸, M Wickman⁵⁹, C Bachert⁶⁰, P W Hellings^{61

62

63}, B Pugin⁶³, S Bosnic-Anticevich⁶⁴, R E O'Hehir^{65

66}, V Kolek⁶⁷, M Sova⁶⁷, K Wehner⁶⁸, G De Vries⁶⁹, M van Eerd⁶⁹, D Laune¹, J Wittmann², J Bousquet^{63

70

71}, P Poncelet⁷²; MASK study group

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

MASK study group:
J Bousquet, I Agache, R Almeida, R Angles, I Annesi-Maesano, J M Anto, S Arnavielhe, E Asayag, E Bacci, C Bachert, I Baiardini, I Baroni, B A Barreto, X Basagana, A Bedbrook, M Bedolla-Barajas, K C Bergmann, L Bertorello, M Bewick, S Bialek, T Bieber, C Bindslev-Jensen, L Bjermer, A Blua, M Bochenska Marciniak, I Bogus-Buczynska, S Bosnic-Anticevich, I Bosse, J Bouchard, R Bourret, V Briedis, C Bucca, R Buonaiuto, M T Burguete Cabanas, D Caiazza, D Caillot, D Caimmi, P Camargos, G Canfora, V Cardona, A M Carriazo, C Cartier, A Carla Carvalho Coelho, G Castellano, L Cecchi, N H Chavannes, M M Ciaravolo, C Cingi, A Ciceran, L Colas, E Colgan, J Coll, D Conforti, J Correia da Sousa, R M Cortés-Grimaldo, F Corti, D J Costa, M C Costa Dominguez, A L Courbis, A A Cruz, A Custovic, W Czarlewski, C Dario, J da Silva, Y Dauvilliers, G De Carlo, F De Blay, T Dedeu, M de Fátima Emerson, G De Feo, M H Garcia Cruz, B De Martino, P Demoly, N de Paula Motta Rubini, P Devillier, G De Vries, S Di Capua Ercolano, N Di Carluccio, G Dray, R Dubakiene, E Eller, R Emuzyte, J M Espinoza-Contreras, A Estrada-Cardona, J Farrell, A Farsi, J Ferreira de Mello Jr, J Ferrero, W J Fokkens, J Fonseca, J F Fontaine, S Forti, J Garcia-Aymerich, J L Gálvez-Romero, C I García-Cobas, B Gemicioğlu, R Gerth van Wijk, M Guidacci, J Gómez-Vera, N A Guldemond, Z Gutter, T Haahtela, J Hajjam, P W Hellings, L Hernández, M Illario, J C Ivancevich, E Jares, G Joos, J Just, O Kalayci, A F Kalyoncu, J Karjalainen, T Keil, N Khaltaev, L Klimek, M L Kowalski, I Kull, P Kuna, V Kvedariene, V Kolek, E Krzych-Fałta, M Kupczyk, P Lacwik, D Larenas-Linnemann, D Laune, D Lauri, J Lavrut, M A Lessa, G Levato, L Lewis, I Lieten, A Lipiec, R Louis, J A Luna-Pech, K Maciej, A Magnan, J Malva, J F Maspero, E Mathieu-Dupas, A L Matos, O Mayora, M A Medina-Ávalos, E Melen, E Menditto, J Millot-Keurinck, M A Mizani, G Moda, M Morais-Almeida, F F Morato-Castro, P Moura Santo, R Mösges, A Mota-Pinto, J Mullol, A Murraro, R Murray, M Nalin, M Noguès, E Novellino, L Napoli, H Neffen, R E O'Hehir, G L Onorato, S Palkonen, N G Papadopoulos, G Passalacqua, J L Pépin, A M Pereira, M Persico, O Pfaar, R Picard, P Poncelet, F Portejoie, A C Pozzi, D Price, E P Prokopakis, R Puy, B Pugin, M Przemecka-Green, F Raciborski, R Rajabian-Soderlund, S Reitsma, I Ribeirinho, J Rimmer, J A Rizzo, M C Rizzo, C Robalo-Cordeiro, X Rodo, S Rodrigues Valle, M Rodríguez-González, G Rolla, R E Roller-Wirnsberger, A Romano, M Romano, N Rosario, D Ryan, J Salimäki, B Samolinski, D Samreth, S Shamai, A Sheikh, M Sierra, F E R Simons, D Solé, M Sorlini, O Spranger, C Stellato A, R Stelmach, J Strozek, R Stukas, M Sutherland, A Szylling, J N Tebyriçá, M Thibaudon, V Tibaldi, A Todo-Bom, S Toppila-Salmi, P Tomazic, U Trama, M Triggiani, M Urrutia-Pereira, A Valero, E Valovirta, A Valiulis, O Vandenplas, M van Eerd, T Vasankari, A Vatrella, M T Ventura, M T Verissimo, F Viart, S Williams, M Wagenmann, M Westman, M Wickman, P Wroczynski, A Yorgancioglu, E Zernotti, T Zurbierber, C Zubrinich, A Zurkuhlen

Affiliations

¹ Kyomed, Montpellier, France.
² Selbstregulierung Informationswirtschaft eV, Berlin, Germany.
³ MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France.
⁴ MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth, Ireland.
⁵ 5Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto; and Medina, Lda, Porto, Portugal.
⁶ 6Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁷ 7UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal.
⁸ 8Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Ageing@Coimbra EIP-AHA Reference Site, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
⁹ Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁰ 10Allergy Unit, CUF-Porto Hospital and Institute; Center for Research in Health Technologies and information systems CINTESIS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
¹¹ 11Imunoalergologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
¹² 12CIRFF, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
¹³ 13Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
¹⁴ 14Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
¹⁵ 15Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Hospital Médica Sur, México City, Mexico.
¹⁶ Mexico City, Mexico.
¹⁷ 17ProAR - Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Brasil and WHO GARD Planning Group, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹⁸ 18Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital da Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁹ 19Department of Internal Medicine and Allergy Clinic of Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC Brazil.
²⁰ 20Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²¹ 21Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²² 22Clinic of Children's Diseases, and Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²³ European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium.
²⁴ 24Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Department Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical School Saint Antoine, INSERM and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
²⁵ Allergist, La Rochelle, France.
²⁶ 26Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
²⁷ 27UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
²⁸ Allergist, Reims, France.
²⁹ 29Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
³⁰ 30Samolinski. Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
³¹ Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
³² 32Institute of Medical Statistics, and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
³³ CRI-Clinical Research International Ltd, Hamburg, Germany.
³⁴ 34Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
³⁵ iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK.
³⁶ Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, UK.
³⁷ 37Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁸ ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
³⁹ 39IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁰ 40CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴¹ 41Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴² 42S Allergologia, S Medicina Interna, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴³ 43Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁴ 44Pneumology and Allergy Department CIBERES and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁵ 45Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁴⁶ 46Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴⁷ 47Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴⁸ 48Department of ENT, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴⁹ 49Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁵⁰ 50Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku and Terveystalo allergy clinic, Turku, Finland.
⁵¹ 51Division of Infection, Immunity 1 Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁵² 52Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁵³ 53Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
⁵⁴ Allergy Department Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁵⁵ 55Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵⁶ 56Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey and GARD Executive Committee, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
⁵⁷ 57Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
⁵⁸ 58Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵⁹ 59Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
⁶⁰ 60Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
⁶¹ 61Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Univ Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁶² 62Academic Medical Center, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶³ Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁴ Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia.
⁶⁵ 65Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
⁶⁶ 66Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
⁶⁷ 67Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
⁶⁸ 68Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany.
⁶⁹ Peercode BV, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands.
⁷⁰ 70INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.
⁷¹ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
⁷² 72LIRMM, Montpellier, France.

PMID: 30061979
PMCID: PMC6048852
DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0194-3

Geolocation with respect to personal privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

D Samreth et al. World Allergy Organ J. 2018.

. 2018 Jul 16;11(1):15.

doi: 10.1186/s40413-018-0194-3. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Collaborators

MASK study group:
J Bousquet, I Agache, R Almeida, R Angles, I Annesi-Maesano, J M Anto, S Arnavielhe, E Asayag, E Bacci, C Bachert, I Baiardini, I Baroni, B A Barreto, X Basagana, A Bedbrook, M Bedolla-Barajas, K C Bergmann, L Bertorello, M Bewick, S Bialek, T Bieber, C Bindslev-Jensen, L Bjermer, A Blua, M Bochenska Marciniak, I Bogus-Buczynska, S Bosnic-Anticevich, I Bosse, J Bouchard, R Bourret, V Briedis, C Bucca, R Buonaiuto, M T Burguete Cabanas, D Caiazza, D Caillot, D Caimmi, P Camargos, G Canfora, V Cardona, A M Carriazo, C Cartier, A Carla Carvalho Coelho, G Castellano, L Cecchi, N H Chavannes, M M Ciaravolo, C Cingi, A Ciceran, L Colas, E Colgan, J Coll, D Conforti, J Correia da Sousa, R M Cortés-Grimaldo, F Corti, D J Costa, M C Costa Dominguez, A L Courbis, A A Cruz, A Custovic, W Czarlewski, C Dario, J da Silva, Y Dauvilliers, G De Carlo, F De Blay, T Dedeu, M de Fátima Emerson, G De Feo, M H Garcia Cruz, B De Martino, P Demoly, N de Paula Motta Rubini, P Devillier, G De Vries, S Di Capua Ercolano, N Di Carluccio, G Dray, R Dubakiene, E Eller, R Emuzyte, J M Espinoza-Contreras, A Estrada-Cardona, J Farrell, A Farsi, J Ferreira de Mello Jr, J Ferrero, W J Fokkens, J Fonseca, J F Fontaine, S Forti, J Garcia-Aymerich, J L Gálvez-Romero, C I García-Cobas, B Gemicioğlu, R Gerth van Wijk, M Guidacci, J Gómez-Vera, N A Guldemond, Z Gutter, T Haahtela, J Hajjam, P W Hellings, L Hernández, M Illario, J C Ivancevich, E Jares, G Joos, J Just, O Kalayci, A F Kalyoncu, J Karjalainen, T Keil, N Khaltaev, L Klimek, M L Kowalski, I Kull, P Kuna, V Kvedariene, V Kolek, E Krzych-Fałta, M Kupczyk, P Lacwik, D Larenas-Linnemann, D Laune, D Lauri, J Lavrut, M A Lessa, G Levato, L Lewis, I Lieten, A Lipiec, R Louis, J A Luna-Pech, K Maciej, A Magnan, J Malva, J F Maspero, E Mathieu-Dupas, A L Matos, O Mayora, M A Medina-Ávalos, E Melen, E Menditto, J Millot-Keurinck, M A Mizani, G Moda, M Morais-Almeida, F F Morato-Castro, P Moura Santo, R Mösges, A Mota-Pinto, J Mullol, A Murraro, R Murray, M Nalin, M Noguès, E Novellino, L Napoli, H Neffen, R E O'Hehir, G L Onorato, S Palkonen, N G Papadopoulos, G Passalacqua, J L Pépin, A M Pereira, M Persico, O Pfaar, R Picard, P Poncelet, F Portejoie, A C Pozzi, D Price, E P Prokopakis, R Puy, B Pugin, M Przemecka-Green, F Raciborski, R Rajabian-Soderlund, S Reitsma, I Ribeirinho, J Rimmer, J A Rizzo, M C Rizzo, C Robalo-Cordeiro, X Rodo, S Rodrigues Valle, M Rodríguez-González, G Rolla, R E Roller-Wirnsberger, A Romano, M Romano, N Rosario, D Ryan, J Salimäki, B Samolinski, D Samreth, S Shamai, A Sheikh, M Sierra, F E R Simons, D Solé, M Sorlini, O Spranger, C Stellato A, R Stelmach, J Strozek, R Stukas, M Sutherland, A Szylling, J N Tebyriçá, M Thibaudon, V Tibaldi, A Todo-Bom, S Toppila-Salmi, P Tomazic, U Trama, M Triggiani, M Urrutia-Pereira, A Valero, E Valovirta, A Valiulis, O Vandenplas, M van Eerd, T Vasankari, A Vatrella, M T Ventura, M T Verissimo, F Viart, S Williams, M Wagenmann, M Westman, M Wickman, P Wroczynski, A Yorgancioglu, E Zernotti, T Zurbierber, C Zubrinich, A Zurkuhlen

Affiliations

¹ Kyomed, Montpellier, France.
² Selbstregulierung Informationswirtschaft eV, Berlin, Germany.
³ MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France.
⁴ MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth, Ireland.
⁵ 5Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto; and Medina, Lda, Porto, Portugal.
⁶ 6Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁷ 7UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal.
⁸ 8Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Ageing@Coimbra EIP-AHA Reference Site, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
⁹ Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁰ 10Allergy Unit, CUF-Porto Hospital and Institute; Center for Research in Health Technologies and information systems CINTESIS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
¹¹ 11Imunoalergologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
¹² 12CIRFF, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
¹³ 13Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
¹⁴ 14Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
¹⁵ 15Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Hospital Médica Sur, México City, Mexico.
¹⁶ Mexico City, Mexico.
¹⁷ 17ProAR - Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Brasil and WHO GARD Planning Group, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹⁸ 18Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital da Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁹ 19Department of Internal Medicine and Allergy Clinic of Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC Brazil.
²⁰ 20Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²¹ 21Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²² 22Clinic of Children's Diseases, and Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
²³ European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium.
²⁴ 24Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Department Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical School Saint Antoine, INSERM and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
²⁵ Allergist, La Rochelle, France.
²⁶ 26Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
²⁷ 27UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France.
²⁸ Allergist, Reims, France.
²⁹ 29Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
³⁰ 30Samolinski. Department of Prevention of Envinronmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
³¹ Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
³² 32Institute of Medical Statistics, and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
³³ CRI-Clinical Research International Ltd, Hamburg, Germany.
³⁴ 34Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
³⁵ iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK.
³⁶ Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, UK.
³⁷ 37Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁸ ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
³⁹ 39IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁰ 40CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴¹ 41Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴² 42S Allergologia, S Medicina Interna, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴³ 43Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁴ 44Pneumology and Allergy Department CIBERES and Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁵ 45Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁴⁶ 46Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴⁷ 47Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴⁸ 48Department of ENT, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴⁹ 49Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁵⁰ 50Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku and Terveystalo allergy clinic, Turku, Finland.
⁵¹ 51Division of Infection, Immunity 1 Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
⁵² 52Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁵³ 53Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
⁵⁴ Allergy Department Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁵⁵ 55Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵⁶ 56Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey and GARD Executive Committee, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
⁵⁷ 57Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
⁵⁸ 58Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵⁹ 59Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
⁶⁰ 60Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
⁶¹ 61Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Univ Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁶² 62Academic Medical Center, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶³ Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁴ Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia.
⁶⁵ 65Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
⁶⁶ 66Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
⁶⁷ 67Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
⁶⁸ 68Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany.
⁶⁹ Peercode BV, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands.
⁷⁰ 70INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France.
⁷¹ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
⁷² 72LIRMM, Montpellier, France.

PMID: 30061979
PMCID: PMC6048852
DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0194-3

Abstract

Background: Collecting data on the localization of users is a key issue for the MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel networK: the Allergy Diary) App. Data anonymization is a method of sanitization for privacy. The European Commission's Article 29 Working Party stated that geolocation information is personal data.To assess geolocation using the MASK method and to compare two anonymization methods in the MASK database to find an optimal privacy method.

Methods: Geolocation was studied for all people who used the Allergy Diary App from December 2015 to November 2017 and who reported medical outcomes. Two different anonymization methods have been evaluated: Noise addition (randomization) and k-anonymity (generalization).

Results: Ninety-three thousand one hundred and sixteen days of VAS were collected from 8535 users and 54,500 (58.5%) were geolocalized, corresponding to 5428 users. Noise addition was found to be less accurate than k-anonymity using MASK data to protect the users' life privacy.

Discussion: k-anonymity is an acceptable method for the anonymization of MASK data and results can be used for other databases.

Keywords: Anonymization; App; Asthma; MASK; Rhinitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

No ethical committee was required for the study.Not needed. JB reports personal fees and other from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, other from Kyomed, outside the submitted work.RA reports grants from North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL2020 Partnership Agreement and through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), during the conduct of the study.AC reports grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MEDA Pharma, CHIESI, AstraZeneca, om Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Novartis EUROFARMA outside the submitted work.H reports personal fees from Munidpharma, Novartis, OrionPharma, outside the submitted work. PK reports personal fees from Adamed, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, FAES, Berlin Chemie, Novartis, Polpharma, Allergopharma, outside the submitted work.V.K has received payment for consultancy from GSK and for lectures from StallergensGreer, Berlin-CHemie outsaide the submitted work.LL reports personal fees from MSD, Pfizer, GSK, Astrazeneca, MEDA, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Grunenthal, UCB, TEVA, Amstrong, Siegfried, DBV Technologies, grants from Sanofi, Pfizer, Astrazeneca, Novartis, UCB, outside the submitted work.RM reports personal fees from ALK, allergopharma, Allergy Therapeutics, Bayer, Friulchem, FAES, GSK, Hexal, Servier, Klosterfrau, MSD, Johnson&Johnson, Meda, Stada, UCB, Nuvo; grants and personal fees from Bencard, Stallergenes; grants from Leti, Optima, ASIT biotech, BitopAG, Hulka, Ursapharm; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Lofarma; non-financial support from Atmos, Roxall, Bionorica, Otonomy, Ferrero; personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis; outside the submitted work.NGP reports personal fees from Abbvie Novartis, Faes Farma, BIOMAY, HAL, Nutricia Research, Menarini, Novartis, MEDA, MSD, Omega Pharma, Danone, grants from Menarini, outside the submitted work.0P reports grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, Anergis S.A., grants from Biomay, Nuvo, Circassia, Glaxo Smith Kline, personal fees from Novartis Pharma, MEDA Pharma, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Pohl-Boskamp, Indoor Biotechnologies, grants from, outside the submitted work.RS reports grants from São Paulo Research Foundation, MSD, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, personal fees and non-financial support from Boheringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.TBAM reports grants and personal fees from Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), personal fees from Teva Pharma, AstraZeneca, grants from Leti, outside the submitted work. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Geolocation using the ISO/TC211 standards (example: Peercode tester position)

**Fig. 2**
Geolocation of VAS days collected in Europe

**Fig. 3**
a VAS data of a single “tester”. b Geolocation data treatment with random method blurs, here only one user’s data

**Fig. 4**
k-anonymity applied to users in Valenciennes (France)

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Bousquet J, Hellings PW, Agache I, et al. ARIA 2016: care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016;6:47. doi: 10.1186/s13601-016-0137-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Caimmi D, Baiz N, Tanno LK, et al. Validation of the MASK-rhinitis visual analogue scale on smartphone screens to assess allergic rhinitis control. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017. - PubMed
1. Bousquet J, Bewick M, Arnavielhe S, et al. Work productivity in rhinitis using cell phones: the MASK pilot study. Allergy. 2017;72:1475–1484. doi: 10.1111/all.13177. - DOI - PubMed
1. Bousquet J, Caimmi DP, Bedbrook A, et al. Pilot study of mobile phone technology in allergic rhinitis in European countries: the MASK-rhinitis study. Allergy. 2017;72:857–865. doi: 10.1111/all.13125. - DOI - PubMed
1. Bousquet J, Arnavielhe S, Bedbrook A, et al. The ARIA score of allergic rhinitis using mobile technology correlates with quality-of-life: the MASK study. Allergy. 2018;73(2):505-10. - PubMed

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Geolocation with respect to personal privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

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Geolocation with respect to personal privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

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Conflict of interest statement

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References

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