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Comment
. 2018 Aug 28;115(35):E8111-E8112.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1811245115. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Reply to Abat et al.: Improved policies necessary to ensure an effective future for antibiotics

Eili Y Klein  1   2   3 , Simon A Levin  4   5   6 , Ramanan Laxminarayan  7   5   8
Affiliations
Comment

Reply to Abat et al.: Improved policies necessary to ensure an effective future for antibiotics

Eili Y Klein et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
(A) There was no significant relationship noted between the overall increase in antibiotic use in an LMIC country, measured in defined daily doses (DDDs), and the change in the mortality rate due to LRTIs. Countries included Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Croatia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, and Vietnam. Data Source: IQVIA MIDAS, 2000–2015, IQVIA Inc. (https://www.iqvia.com/solutions/commercialization/geographies/midas) and ref. . (B) The percentage increase in coverage rates for the pneumococcal conjugate (PCV), H. influenzae type b (Hib3), and rotavirus (RotaC) vaccines. Sources: refs. and . (C) The total DDDs of third/fourth generation cephalosporins in LMICs and high-income countries (HICs), see Klein et al. (2) for included countries. DDDPC, defined daily doses per capita. Data Source: IQVIA MIDAS, 2000–2015, IQVIA Inc. (https://www.iqvia.com/solutions/commercialization/geographies/midas).
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References

    1. Laxminarayan R, et al. Access to effective antimicrobials: A worldwide challenge. Lancet. 2016;387:168–175. - PubMed
    1. Klein EY, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115:E3463–E3470. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abat C, Gautret P, Raoult D. Benefits of antibiotics burden in low-income countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115:E8109–E8110. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Naghavi M, et al. GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390:1151–1210. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2016 GBD Compare Data Visualization (Univ of Washington, Seattle). Available at https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. Accessed July 10, 2018.

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