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Review
. 2018 Sep;17(9):773-784.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1510327. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Progress on norovirus vaccine research: public health considerations and future directions

Claire P Mattison  1   2 , Cristina V Cardemil  2 , Aron J Hall  2
Affiliations
Review

Progress on norovirus vaccine research: public health considerations and future directions

Claire P Mattison et al. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: Noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, account for approximately one-fifth of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases globally, and cause a substantial economic burden. Candidate norovirus vaccines are in development, but there is currently no licensed vaccine.

Areas covered: Noroviruses cause approximately 684 million cases and 212,000 deaths per year across all age groups, though burden estimates vary by study and region. Challenges to vaccine research include substantial and rapidly evolving genetic diversity, short-term and homotypic immunity to infection, and the absence of a single, well-established correlate of protection. Nonetheless, several norovirus vaccine candidates are currently in development, utilizing virus-like particles (VLPs), P particles, and recombinant adenoviruses. Of these, a bivalent GI.1/GII.4 VLP-based intramuscular vaccine (Phase IIb) and GI.1 oral vaccine (Phase I) are in clinical trials.

Expert commentary: A norovirus vaccine should target high-risk populations, including the young and the elderly, and protect them against the most common circulating norovirus strains. A norovirus vaccine would be a powerful tool in the prevention and control of norovirus while lessening the burden of AGE worldwide. However, more robust burden and cost estimates are needed to justify investments in and guide norovirus vaccine development.

Keywords: Norovirus; acute gastroenteritis; burden of disease; vaccine development; virus-like particles.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Vaccine candidates in development, by type and pre-clinical or clinical phase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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