Update on consensus on diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Introduction: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a sudden, unexplained unilateral hearing loss.

Objectives: To update the Spanish Consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of ISSNHL.

Material and methods: After a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to March 2018, on MESH terms «(acute or sudden) hearing loss or deafness», a third update was performed, including 1508 relevant papers.

Results: Regarding diagnosis, 11ISSNHL is clinically suspected, the following diagnostic tests are mandatory: otoscopy, acumetry, tonal audiometry, speech audiometry, and tympanometry, to discount conductive causes. After clinical diagnosis has been established, and before treatment is started, a full analysis should be performed. An MRI should then be requested, ideally performed during the first 15 days after diagnosis, to discount specific causes and to help to understand the physiopathological mechanisms in each case. Although treatment is very controversial, due to its effect on quality of life after ISSNHL and the few rare adverse effects associated with short-term steroid treatment, this consensus recommends that all patients should be treated with steroids, orally and/or intratympanically, depending on each patient. In the event of failure of systemic steroids, intratympanic rescue is also recommended. Follow-up should be at day 7, and after 12 months.

Conclusion: By consensus, results after treatment should be reported as absolute decibels recovered in pure tonal audiometry and as improvement in speech audiometry.

Keywords: Acumetry; Acumetría; Adverse effects; Audiometry; Audiometría; Corticoides; Efectos secundarios; Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; Magnetic resonance; Resonancia magnética; Sordera súbita; Steroids.