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. 2018 Aug 8;19(8):2321.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19082321.

Trans-Ferulic Acid-4-β-Glucoside Alleviates Cold-Induced Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cold Tolerance

Chong Xue  1 , Huanyu Lu  2 , Ying Liu  3 , Jianbin Zhang  4 , Jiye Wang  5 , Wenjing Luo  6 , Wenbin Zhang  7 , Jingyuan Chen  8
Affiliations

Trans-Ferulic Acid-4-β-Glucoside Alleviates Cold-Induced Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cold Tolerance

Chong Xue et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside (C16H20O₉, TFA-4β-G) is a monomer extracted from the Chinese medicine called radix aconiti carmichaeli (Fuzi). To date, research on this substance is lacking. Here, we found that trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside effectively promoted cold acclimatization in mice via increased heat production and alleviation of oxidative stress in a cold environment. Thus, our work indicates that ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside is a potential therapeutic candidate for prevention and treatment of cold stress injury.

Keywords: brown adipose tissue; cold acclimatization; ferulic acid; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no financial or other interests with regard to the paper that represent a conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside treatment results in sustained, relatively high rectal temperature under cold conditions. (A) Molecular formula of TFA-4β-G; (B) establishment of the animal model; (C) change in rectal temperature among four groups (n = 6); (D) change in food intake; (E) change in body weight; (F) glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol in serum. * p < 0.05 as indicated.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside alleviates cold-induced oxidative stress in liver. (A) The index related to oxidative stress in liver (n = 4); (B) the index related to oxidative stress in kidney (n = 4); (C) the index related to oxidative stress in heart (n = 4). * p < 0.05 as indicated.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside promotes energy consumption in liver. (A) PAS stain in liver (red arrow indicated the glycogen); (B) relative glycogen expression in liver; (C) mRNA expression related to lipometabolism in liver (n = 4); (D) mRNA expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis in liver (n = 4). * p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01 as indicated.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside activates brown adipose tissue. (A) HE stain in BAT(red arrow indicated the lipid droplets); (B) mRNA expression related to heat production in BAT (n = 4); (C) protein level of genes related to heat production in BAT. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as indicated.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trans-ferulic acid-4-β-glucoside activates brown adipose tissue. (A) HE stain in BAT(red arrow indicated the lipid droplets); (B) mRNA expression related to heat production in BAT (n = 4); (C) protein level of genes related to heat production in BAT. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as indicated.
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