Noninvasive Focused Ultrasound for Neuromodulation: A Review

Abstract

This article covers noninvasive focused ultrasound (FUS) and its potential for neuromodulation. Although diagnostic uses of ultrasound are well known, its potential to noninvasively alter brain activity is a relatively new subject of research. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a potential future alternative modality to other noninvasive neuromodulation techniques. This article aims at providing an updated review of the literature related to the role of LIFU in neuromodulation and the progress of animal as well as human research done on this topic. It also includes a critical review of the safety concerns slowing the translation of LIFU research into clinical trials.

Keywords: FUS; LIFU; Neuromodulation; Neurostimulation; Pulsation.