Percentage of ingested sodium excreted in 24-hour urine collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- PMID: 30101426
- PMCID: PMC8030843
- DOI: 10.1111/jch.13353
Percentage of ingested sodium excreted in 24-hour urine collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Conflict of interest statement
FJH is a member of Consensus Action on Salt & Health (CASH) and World Action on Salt & Health (WASH). Both CASH and WASH are nonprofit charitable organizations and FJH does not receive any financial support from CASH or WASH. GAM is chairman of Blood Pressure UK (BPUK), chairman of CASH, WASH, and Action on Sugar (AoS). BPUK, CASH, WASH, and AoS are nonprofit charitable organizations. GAM does not receive any financial support from any of these organizations. NRCC was a paid consultant to the Novartis Foundation to support their program to improve hypertension control in cities of low to middle income countries, which includes travel support for site visits and a contract to develop a survey (2016‐2017). NRCC has provided paid consultative advice on accurate blood pressure assessment to Midway Corporation (2017) and is an unpaid member of World Action on Salt and Health (WASH). MW is a consultant to Amgen. RM has no conflicts of interest to declare.
Figures




Similar articles
-
The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) position statement on the use of 24-hour, spot, and short duration (<24 hours) timed urine collections to assess dietary sodium intake.J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019 Jun;21(6):700-709. doi: 10.1111/jch.13551. Epub 2019 May 14. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019. PMID: 31087778 Free PMC article.
-
Feasibility of collecting 24-h urine to monitor sodium intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;104(2):480-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.121954. Epub 2016 Jul 13. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016. PMID: 27413136 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Comparison of 24-hour urine and 24-hour diet recall for estimating dietary sodium intake in populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019 Dec;21(12):1753-1762. doi: 10.1111/jch.13729. Epub 2019 Nov 25. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019. PMID: 31769168 Free PMC article.
-
Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24-hour urine collections.J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2020 Feb;22(2):273-279. doi: 10.1111/jch.13813. Epub 2020 Jan 22. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2020. PMID: 31967732 Free PMC article.
-
Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;2004(1):CD003656. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003656.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004. PMID: 14974027 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
National survey to estimate sodium and potassium intake and knowledge attitudes and behaviours towards salt consumption of adults in the Sultanate of Oman.BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 23;10(10):e037012. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037012. BMJ Open. 2020. PMID: 33099493 Free PMC article.
-
Estimating sodium and potassium intakes in a Portuguese adult population: can first-morning void urine replace 24-hour urine samples?J Nutr Sci. 2025 Mar 26;14:e29. doi: 10.1017/jns.2025.16. eCollection 2025. J Nutr Sci. 2025. PMID: 40166610 Free PMC article.
-
The importance of a valid assessment of salt intake in individuals and populations. A scientific statement of the British and Irish Hypertension Society.J Hum Hypertens. 2019 May;33(5):345-348. doi: 10.1038/s41371-019-0203-1. Epub 2019 Apr 26. J Hum Hypertens. 2019. PMID: 31028282 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Obesity Markers among Bangladeshi Adult Population: Pooled Data from Three Cohort Studies.Nutrients. 2022 Jul 21;14(14):3000. doi: 10.3390/nu14143000. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 35889957 Free PMC article.
-
Can sodium and potassium measured in timed voids be used as reference instruments for validating self-report instruments? Results from a urine calibration study.Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 May;119(5):1321-1328. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.013. Epub 2024 Feb 23. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024. PMID: 38403166 Free PMC article.
References
-
- GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators . Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990‐2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016. 388(10053): 1659‐1724. - PMC - PubMed
-
- Campbell NRC, Lackland DT, Niebylski ML, et al. 2016 Dietary salt fact sheet and call to action: The World Hypertension League, International Society of Hypertension, and the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016;18(11):1082‐1085. - PMC - PubMed
-
- Campbell NR, Khalsa T, Lackland DT, et al. High Blood Pressure 2016: Why Prevention and Control Are Urgent and Important. The World Hypertension League, International Society of Hypertension, World Stroke Organization, International Diabetes Foundation, International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2016;18(8):714‐717. - PMC - PubMed
-
- World Health Organization . Salt Reduction: Fact Sheet [updated June 2016; cited February 2017]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs393/en/. Accessed July 11, 2018.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical