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. 2018 Aug 12;10(8):1075.
doi: 10.3390/nu10081075.

Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Victoria Muñoz-Hernandez  1 , Lide Arenaza  2 , Luis Gracia-Marco  3   4 , Maria Medrano  5 , Elisa Merchan Ramirez  6 , Wendy D Martinez Avila  7 , Maddi Oses  8 , Jonatan R Ruiz  9 , Francisco B Ortega  10 , Idoia Labayen  11
Affiliations

Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Victoria Muñoz-Hernandez et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Keywords: Mediterranean dietary pattern; bone health; overweight children; physical activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of study participants. MDP: Mediterranean dietary pattern. DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Moderate physical activity (min/day), moderate–vigorous PA (min/day), vigorous PA (min/day), and total PA (mg/day) for the sample divided in high or low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Analyses were examined by t-Student tests and no significant differences were found. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern index: MDP index ≥8; Low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern: MDP index <8.
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