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. 2018 Jul 31:11:381-387.
doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S157376. eCollection 2018.

Burden and risk factors of diabetes and hyperglycemia in India: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Jaya Prasad Tripathy  1   2
Affiliations

Burden and risk factors of diabetes and hyperglycemia in India: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Jaya Prasad Tripathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and their complications are a growing problem in India. However, no comprehensive picture of this disease burden has yet been presented to date.

Methods: I used aggregate data from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 to describe the burden of diabetes and its risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to diabetes, and diseases caused by high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2016 in India.

Results: Deaths due to diabetes accounted for 3.1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.9-3.3) of all deaths in India in 2016, up from 0.98% (95% UI: 0.87-1.1) of all deaths in 1990. Diabetes and hyperglycemia accounted for 27.5 million disability-adjusted life years in 2016, of which diabetes accounted for 10 million. Diabetes contributes to the causation of ischemic heart disease, stroke, CKD, peripheral artery disease, specific cancers, and tuberculosis via intermediate hyperglycemia. High body mass index, dietary factors (diet low in fruits, nuts and seeds, and whole grains), and tobacco use were the most important risk factors for diabetes.

Conclusion: Diabetes and CKD due to hyperglycemia pose a large and increasing burden in India. Urgent programs and policies are needed to reduce the identified risk factors for diabetes and its burden.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; diabetes; hyperglycemia; ischemic heart disease; morbidity; mortality; tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of DALYs attributable to high fasting plasma glucose, India, 2016. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; IHD, ischemic heart disease; TB, tuberculosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of DALYs due to diseases attributable to HFPG, India, 2016. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; HFPG, high fasting plasma glucose; IHD, ischemic heart disease; TB, tuberculosis
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proportion of deaths due to diseases attributable to HFPG, India, 2016. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HFPG, high fasting plasma glucose; IHD, ischemic heart disease; TB, tuberculosis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relative burden of high fasting plasma glucose within the context of all risk factors identified by the GBD 2016 in India. Abbreviations: DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; NCDs, noncommunicable diseases; WaSH, water, sanitation and hygiene.
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