Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018:38:137-140.

Radiologic Evaluation of the Distal Radius Indices in Early And Late Childhood

Pooya Hosseinzadeh  1 , Douglas Olson  2 , Ryan Eads  3 , Ashley Jaglowicz  4 , Charles A Goldfarb  5 , Scott A Riley  6
Affiliations

Radiologic Evaluation of the Distal Radius Indices in Early And Late Childhood

Pooya Hosseinzadeh et al. Iowa Orthop J. 2018.

Abstract

The osseous anatomy of the distal radius is well documented in adults. Three commonly discussed variables are the volar tilt (also known as palmar tilt or palmar inclination), radial inclination, and radial height. These values are not well defined in the growing skeleton. We studied the radiographic measurements of normal distal radius osseous anatomy in children and identified how these values change with age. 372 patients (215 males and 157 females) between the ages of 8 and 16 were included in the study. Normal values of volar tilt, radial inclination, and radial epiphyseal height were defined for each age group. Regression analysis showed that volar tilt increased significantly by increase in age (P <0.001). Radial inclination and radial epiphyseal height both showed significant increase with increase in age (P<0.001). This is the first study to define these radiographic values in children and their change with age.

Keywords: distal radius; epiphysis; radial inclination; volar tilt.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. This study was not funded.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Measurement of volar tilt
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Measurement of radial inclination
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Measurement of radial epiphyseal height
Table 4:
Table 4:. Change in volar tilt in males and females based on chronological age (R: 0.4)
Table 5:
Table 5:. Change in radial inclination in males and females based on chronological age (R: 0.6)
Table 6:
Table 6:. Change in REH in males and females based on chronological age (R: 0.8), RH: Radial Epiphyseal Height
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lautman S, Bergerault F, Saidani N, Bonnard C. Roentgenographic measurement of angle between shaft and distal epiphyseal growth plate of radius. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 22::751–753. - PubMed
    1. Freiberg KS. Remodeling after distal forearm fractures in children. I. The effect of residual angulation on the spatial orientation of the epiphyseal plates. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979;50::537–46. - PubMed
    1. Freiberg KS. Remodeling after distal forearm fractures in children. II. The final orientation of the distal and proximal epiphyseal plates of the radius. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979;50::731–9. - PubMed
    1. Freiberg KS. Remodeling after distal forearm fractures in children. III. Correction of residual angulation in fractures of the radius. 1979;50::741–9. - PubMed
    1. Johnson PG, Szabo RM. Angle measurements of the distal radius: a cadaver study. Skeletal Radiol. 1993.;22::243–246. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources