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Review
. 2018 Jul 31:6:320.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00320. eCollection 2018.

Water-Soluble and Insoluble Polymers, Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites and Hybrids With Ability to Remove Hazardous Inorganic Pollutants in Water

Bernabé L Rivas  1 , Bruno F Urbano  1 , Julio Sánchez  2
Affiliations
Review

Water-Soluble and Insoluble Polymers, Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites and Hybrids With Ability to Remove Hazardous Inorganic Pollutants in Water

Bernabé L Rivas et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

The polymeric materials have presented a great development in adsorption processes for the treatment of polluted waters. The aim of the current review is to present the recent developments in this field of study by examining research of systems like functional water-soluble polymers and water-soluble polymer-metal complexes coupled to ultrafiltration membranes for decontamination processes in liquid-liquid phase. Noticing that a water-soluble polymer can be turned into insoluble compounds by setting a crosslinking point, connecting the polymer chains leading to polymer resins suitable for solid-liquid extraction processes. Moreover, these crosslinked polymers can be used to develop more complex systems such as (nano)composite and hybrid adsorbents, combining the polymers with inorganic moieties such as metal oxides. This combination results in novel materials that overcome some drawbacks of each separated components and enhance the sorption performance. In addition, new trends in hybrid methods combining of water-soluble polymers, membranes, and electrocatalysis/photocatalysis to remove inorganic pollutants have been discussed in this review.

Keywords: membranes; nanocomposites; pollutants; polymers; water.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme of the structure of different polymer-based materials for adsorption processes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scheme of the interaction between arsenic oxyanions with the metal oxide surface. (A) inner sphere complexes, (B) outer sphere complexes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Retention profile of As(V) by poly[(3-methacryloylamine)propyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid] [P(ClMPTA-co-AA)] at different monomer molar ratios of (a) 1:1, (B) 1:2, (C) 2:1, and (D) 4:1. The polymer amount is 0.2 mmol, and the absolute amount of As(V) ions is 0.01 mmol. Adapted from Rivas et al. (2006), Rivas and Aguirre (2007).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Retention values for As(III) at different polymer: As(III) mol ratio and tin content for Z = 10 and pH 8. (B) Retention values for As(III) and As(V) for Z = 10, mol ratio (400:1), at different pH's. Adapted from Rivas et al. (2006), Rivas and Aguirre (2007).
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