[Molecular models of the interaction between T4 antigen and HLA class II antigens or the LAV virus]

Abstract

HLA class II beta chains contain in their aminoterminal polymorphic domain a highly conserved tetrapeptide (RFDS) also present in protein F encoded by the LAV virus. Homology between this tetrapeptide and the fibronectin cell-attachment site (RGDS) has suggested a role in cell adhesion processes. I propose here that such a structure, that I call adhesiotope, would allow stabilization of intermolecular contacts between molecules present at the surface of interacting cells or viruses. Analysis of a three dimensional model of the T4 antigen suggests that the tetrapeptide RADS is located at the surface of the aminoterminal, immunoglobulin-like domain. A model is proposed in which interaction between the adhesiotopes present in class II antigens (RFDS) and T4 (RADS) is the molecular basis of conjugate formation between antigen presenting cells and T helper lymphocytes. The LAV virus, having the RFDS adhesiotope on its surface, would mimic class II antigens in their interaction with T4 and infect selectively T4 positive cells, resulting in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.