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Case Reports
. 2018 Jul;73(7-8):387-393.

[Mediastinitis following EBUS : about a complication after a minimally invasive investigation]

[Article in French]
Affiliations
  • PMID: 30113780
Case Reports

[Mediastinitis following EBUS : about a complication after a minimally invasive investigation]

[Article in French]
A Renson et al. Rev Med Liege. 2018 Jul.

Abstract

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a minimally invasive investigation method that permits transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies in order to determine their etiology. Its indications are notably lung cancer staging and lymphadenopathy exploration in case of sarcoidosis and malignant lymphomas. The employment of EBUS-TBNA has grown over the past few years and has become an alternative to mediastinoscopy due to a lower complication rate. However, in rare cases, complications can occur as hemorrhage, infections (mediastinitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, cyst infection, sepsis) or other (pneumothorax, pneumomediastinitis). We report herein a case of a mediastinitis after endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration which occurred in a 63-year-old patient treated by methotrexate and methylprednisolone for a rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms appeared as fever and progressive dyspnea some days after the endoscopic procedure.

L’échographie endobronchique (EBUS : EndoBronchial UltraSound) est une technique d’investigation mini-invasive permettant la cyto-ponction transbronchique à l’aiguille fine (TBNA-TransBronchial Needle Aspiration) d’adénopathies médiastinales et hilaires afin d’en déterminer l’étiologie. Son recours est notamment indiqué dans la stadification des adénopathies lors du bilan d’extension de cancers broncho-pulmonaires et dans l’exploration d’adénopathies, par exemple en cas de sarcoïdose et de lymphomes. L’utilisation de l’EBUS-TBNA s’est répandue ces dernières années et est devenue une alternative intéressante à la médiastinoscopie, notamment en raison d’un taux de complications moindre. Néanmoins, le risque zéro n’existant pas, il se peut que surviennent, dans de rares cas, des complications de type hémorragiques, infectieuses (médiastinite, pneumonie, péricardite, infection de kyste, sepsis) ou autres (pneumothorax et pneumomédiastin). Nous rapportons le cas d’une médiastinite post-EBUS survenue chez un patient de 63 ans, traité par méthotrexate et méthylprednisolone pour une polyarthrite rhumatoïde, et se manifestant par l’apparition d’une fièvre et d’une dyspnée progressive quelques jours après le geste endoscopique.

Keywords: Complication; EBUS; Mediastinal lymphadenopathies; Mediastinitis; Methotrexate.

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