Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications-A Short Literature Review

Abstract

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure performed on women in developing countries and is underreported; it involves cutting or altering the female genitalia. The health consequences of FGM include bacterial and viral infections, obstetrical complications, and psychological problems. In this study, we report FGM societal importance, ramifications, classifications, cultural significance, prevalence, complications, implications, and treatment. Although efforts have been made to eradicate FGM, the dynamics that perpetuate the practice have societal roots. Intervention methods to promote change from within the community are necessary for successful eradication of the practice. For prevention, further studies are needed to develop programs that raise awareness.

Figure 1

FGM 10-year prevalence trends. Data collected by the PRB showing prevalence rates over a 10-year period (2000–2010) in four countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Egypt, and Central African Republic).

Figure 2

FGM prevalence among young women in 2014 exhibits decline. Data collected by the PRB in 2014 in younger women showing the prevalence of FGM among younger women (aged 15–19) in four countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Egypt, and Central African Republic).