Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 3 INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 4 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 5 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 6 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
- 7 DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 8 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 9 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 10 INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 11 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- 12 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
- 13 Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 14 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 15 Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 16 Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 17 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 19 Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 20 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
- 21 Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- 22 Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
- 23 CNR-IROE, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 24 INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 25 Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
- 26 National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan.
- 27 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
- 28 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 29 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 30 INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 31 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 32 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 33 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- 34 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
- 35 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
- 36 Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
- 37 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico.
- 38 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- 39 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan.
- 40 CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea.
- 41 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 42 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- 43 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 44 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 45 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China.
- PMID: 30118287
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051102
Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 3 INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 4 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 5 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 6 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
- 7 DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 8 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 9 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 10 INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 11 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- 12 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
- 13 Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 14 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 15 Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 16 Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 17 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 19 Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 20 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
- 21 Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- 22 Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
- 23 CNR-IROE, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 24 INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 25 Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
- 26 National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan.
- 27 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
- 28 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 29 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 30 INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 31 Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 32 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 33 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- 34 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
- 35 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
- 36 Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
- 37 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico.
- 38 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- 39 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan.
- 40 CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea.
- 41 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 42 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- 43 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 44 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 45 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China.
- PMID: 30118287
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051102
Abstract
We present high-statistics, precision measurements of the detailed time and energy dependence of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux and positron flux over 79 Bartels rotations from May 2011 to May 2017 in the energy range from 1 to 50 GeV. For the first time, the charge-sign dependent modulation during solar maximum has been investigated in detail by leptons alone. Based on 23.5×10^{6} events, we report the observation of short-term structures on the timescale of months coincident in both the electron flux and the positron flux. These structures are not visible in the e^{+}/e^{-} flux ratio. The precision measurements across the solar polarity reversal show that the ratio exhibits a smooth transition over 830±30 days from one value to another. The midpoint of the transition shows an energy dependent delay relative to the reversal and changes by 260±30 days from 1 to 6 GeV.
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