Association between Diet and Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Current treatments for seborrheic dermatitis provide only temporary relief. Therefore, identifying modifiable lifestyle factors may help reduce disease burden. The objective of this study was to determine whether specific dietary patterns or total antioxidant capacity are associated with seborrheic dermatitis. Participants of the Rotterdam Study with a skin examination and a food frequency questionnaire were included. Total antioxidant capacity was assessed on the basis of ferric reducing antioxidant potential of each food item. Dietary patterns were identified with principal component analysis (PCA). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between total antioxidant capacity, dietary pattern-derived PCA factors, and seborrheic dermatitis adjusted for confounders. In total, 4,379 participants were included, of whom 636 (14.5%) had seborrheic dermatitis. The PCA identified vegetable, Western, fat-rich and fruit dietary patterns. The fruit pattern was associated with a 25% lower risk (quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: adjusted odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.58-0.97, P = 0.03), and the Western pattern with a 47% increased risk (quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: adjusted odds ratio = 1.47; 95% confidence interval = 0.98-2.20, P = 0.03), but only for females. Other factors were not associated with seborrheic dermatitis. In conclusion, a high fruit intake was associated with less seborrheic dermatitis, whereas high adherence to a "Western" dietary pattern in females was associated with more seborrheic dermatitis.