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. 2018 Aug 21;8(9):633.
doi: 10.3390/nano8090633.

Antibiofilm Coatings Based on PLGA and Nanostructured Cefepime-Functionalized Magnetite

Denisa Ficai  1 , Valentina Grumezescu  2   3 , Oana Mariana Fufă  4   5 , Roxana Cristina Popescu  6   7 , Alina Maria Holban  8   9 , Anton Ficai  10 , Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu  11 , Laurentiu Mogoanta  12 , George Dan Mogosanu  13 , Ecaterina Andronescu  14
Affiliations

Antibiofilm Coatings Based on PLGA and Nanostructured Cefepime-Functionalized Magnetite

Denisa Ficai et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of our study was to obtain and evaluate the properties of polymeric coatings based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) embedded with magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with commercial antimicrobial drugs. In this respect, we firstly synthesized the iron oxide particles functionalized (@) with the antibiotic Cefepime (Fe₃O₄@CEF). In terms of composition and microstructure, the as-obtained powdery sample was investigated by means of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Crystalline and nanosized particles (~5 nm mean particle size) with spherical morphology, consisting in magnetite core and coated with a uniform and reduced amount of antibiotic shell, were thus obtained. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed the obtained nanoparticles have a very low affinity for innate immune-related vital organs. Composite uniform and thin coatings based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and antibiotic-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (PLGA/Fe₃O₄@CEF) were subsequently obtained by using the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. Relevant compositional and structural features regarding the composite coatings were obtained by performing infrared microscopy (IRM) and SEM investigations. The efficiency of the biocompatible composite coatings against biofilm development was assessed for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. The PLGA/Fe₃O₄@CEF materials proved significant and sustained anti-biofilm activity against staphylococcal and Escherichia coli colonisation.

Keywords: MAPLE; PLGA; anti-biofilm efficiency; composite coatings; magnetite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diffractogram of Fe3O4@CEF powdery sample.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) = (a1,a2) and HR-TEM = (b) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (c) of Fe3O4@CEF powdery sample. Figure (d) reveals the percentage of nanoparticle size in the analysed samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) = (a1,a2) and HR-TEM = (b) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (c) of Fe3O4@CEF powdery sample. Figure (d) reveals the percentage of nanoparticle size in the analysed samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Optical micrographs of splenic tissue harvested at 10 days after injection of Fe3O4@CEF nanoparticles at 200× (a) and 1000× (b) magnification.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Optical micrographs of splenic tissue harvested at 10 days after injection of Fe3O4@CEF nanoparticles at 200× (a) and 1000× (b) magnification.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphic representation of E. coli (a) and S. aureus (b) growth for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of plain Cefepime hydrochloride (CEF) and nanosystem embedded cefepime hydrochloride (Fe3O4@CEF).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Infrared micrographs (a) and corresponding infrared spectra (b) of PLGA/Fe3O4@CEF dropcast coating.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Infrared micrographs (a) and corresponding infrared spectra (b) of PLGA/Fe3O4@CEF coatings obtained at 300, 400, and 500 mJ/cm2 laser fluence.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Plain view of the obtained MAPLE surface at different magnifications, (a1,a2), and cross section of the thin film revealing average thickness and (b1,b2) obtained through SEM analysis (at 20,000 magnification ) of PLGA/Fe3O4@CEF coating obtained at 400 mJ/cm2 laser fluence.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Viability of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) after 72 h of treatment in the presence of PLGA/Fe3O4@CEF coating.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Biofilm development inhibition of E. coli (a) and S. aureus (b) in the presence of PLGA/Fe3O4@CEF coatings.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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