Predictors of mortality and recurrent stroke within five years of intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract

Objective There are limited studies exploring prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Chinese populations. Thus, we evaluated the risk factors and predictors of mortality and recurrent stroke in a large clinical cohort at a single institution. Methods We analysed consecutive cases of spontaneous ICH at admission to our hospital from September 2010 to December 2016. Independent predictors of mortality at one month and five year follow-up, as well as stroke recurrence were analysed. Results A total of 1187 cases were included (33.5% women). The one month case fatality rate was 12.5%, and the five year mortality rate was 22.2%. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes was an independent predictor of one month case fatality, and older age (≥65 years) was an independent predictor of five year mortality. Brain stem hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage were independent predictors of both short- and long-term mortality. The overall recurrence rate was 32.5% among one month survivors. Conclusion Predictors of recurrent stroke were older females, hypertension, diabetes, and brain stem hemorrhage. These findings may help to determine specific treatment strategies and improve quality of health care for such patients.

Keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; hemorrhagic stroke; mortality; outcomes; prognosis; recurrent stroke; risk factors.