Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Aug 24;8(8):CD012464.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012464.pub2.

Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

George U Eleje  1 , Ahizechukwu C Eke, Ifeanyichukwu U Ezebialu, Joseph I Ikechebelu, Emmanuel O Ugwu, Onyinye O Okonkwo
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

George U Eleje et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: The presence of deleterious mutations in breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) or breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2) significantly increases the risk of developing some cancers, such as breast and high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) of ovarian, tubal and peritoneal origin. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is usually recommended to BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers after completion of childbearing. Despite prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the role of RRSO in reducing the mortality and incidence of breast, HGSC and other cancers, RRSO is still an area of debate and it is unclear whether RRSO differs in effectiveness by type of mutation carried.

Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of RRSO in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 7) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid and trial registries, with no language restrictions up to July 2017. We handsearched abstracts of scientific meetings and other relevant publications.

Selection criteria: We included non-randomised trials (NRS), prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case series that used statistical adjustment for baseline case mix using multivariable analyses comparing RRSO versus no RRSO in women without a previous or coexisting breast, ovarian or fallopian tube malignancy, in women with or without hysterectomy, and in women with a risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) before, with or after RRSO.

Data collection and analysis: We extracted data and performed meta-analyses of hazard ratios (HR) for time-to-event variables and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). To assess bias in the studies, we used the ROBINS-I 'Risk of bias' assessment tool. We quantified inconsistency between studies by estimating the I2 statistic. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled effect estimates.

Main results: We included 10 cohort studies, comprising 8087 participants (2936 (36%) surgical participants and 5151 (64%) control participants who were BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. All the studies compared RRSO with or without RRM versus no RRSO (surveillance). The certainty of evidence by GRADE assessment was very low due to serious risk of bias. Nine studies, including 7927 women, were included in the meta-analyses. The median follow-up period ranged from 0.5 to 27.4 years.

Main outcomes: overall survival was longer with RRSO compared with no RRSO (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54; P < 0.001; 3 studies, 2548 women; very low-certainty evidence). HGSC cancer mortality (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.17; I² = 69%; P < 0.0001; 3 studies, 2534 women; very low-certainty evidence) and breast cancer mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.88; I² = 65%; P = 0.009; 7 studies, 7198 women; very low-certainty evidence) were lower with RRSO compared with no RRSO. None of the studies reported bone fracture incidence. There was a difference in favour of RRSO compared with no RRSO in terms of ovarian cancer risk perception quality of life (MD 15.40, 95% CI 8.76 to 22.04; P < 0.00001; 1 study; very low-certainty evidence). None of the studies reported adverse events.Subgroup analyses for main outcomes: meta-analysis showed an increase in overall survival among women who had RRSO versus women without RRSO who were BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.52; P < 0001; I² = 23%; 3 studies; very low-certainty evidence) and BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.85; P = 0.01; I² = 0%; 2 studies; very low-certainty evidence). The meta-analysis showed a decrease in HGSC cancer mortality among women with RRSO versus no RRSO who were BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.41; I² = 54%; P = 0.001; 2 studies; very low-certainty evidence), but uncertain for BRCA2 mutation carriers due to low frequency of HGSC cancer deaths in BRCA2 mutation carriers. There was a decrease in breast cancer mortality among women with RRSO versus no RRSO who were BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.67; I² = 0%; P < 0.0001; 4 studies; very low-certainty evidence), but not for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.87; I² = 63%; P = 0.75; 3 studies; very low-certainty evidence). One study showed a difference in favour of RRSO versus no RRSO in improving quality of life for ovarian cancer risk perception in women who were BRCA1 mutation carriers (MD 10.70, 95% CI 2.45 to 18.95; P = 0.01; 98 women; very low-certainty evidence) and BRCA2 mutation carriers (MD 13.00, 95% CI 3.59 to 22.41; P = 0.007; very low-certainty evidence). Data from one study showed a difference in favour of RRSO and RRM versus no RRSO in increasing overall survival (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.98; P = 0.0001; I² = 0%; low-certainty evidence), but no difference for breast cancer mortality (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.19; P = 0.25; very low-certainty evidence). The risk estimates for breast cancer mortality according to age at RRSO (50 years of age or less versus more than 50 years) was not protective and did not differ for BRCA1 (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.11; I² = 16%; P = 0.23; very low-certainty evidence) and BRCA2 carriers (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.87; I² = 63%; P = 0.75; very low-certainty evidence).

Authors' conclusions: There is very low-certainty evidence that RRSO may increase overall survival and lower HGSC and breast cancer mortality for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Very low-certainty evidence suggests that RRSO reduces the risk of death from HGSC and breast cancer in women with BRCA1 mutations. Evidence for the effect of RRSO on HGSC and breast cancer in BRCA2 carriers was very uncertain due to low numbers. These results should be interpreted with caution due to questionable study designs, risk of bias profiles, and very low-certainty evidence. We cannot draw any conclusions regarding bone fracture incidence, quality of life, or severe adverse events for RRSO, or for effects of RRSO based on type and age at risk-reducing surgery. Further research on these outcomes is warranted to explore differential effects for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

GE: none known. AE: none known. IE: none known. JI: none known. EU: none known. OO: none known.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram for searches on risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 1 Overall survival.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 2 High‐grade serous cancer (HGSC) mortality.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 3 Breast cancer mortality.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 4 HGSC incidence.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 5 Breast cancer incidence.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 6 Quality of life (ovarian cancer risk perception).
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 7 Quality of life (global health status).
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 8 Quality of life (general health perception).
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 9 Quality of life (mental health).
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, Outcome 10 Quality of life (breast cancer risk perception).
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO according to BRCA mutation status, Outcome 1 Overall survival.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO according to BRCA mutation status, Outcome 2 High‐grade serous cancer (HGCS) mortality.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO according to BRCA mutation status, Outcome 3 Breast cancer mortality.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO according to BRCA mutation status, Outcome 4 Quality of life (ovarian cancer risk perception).
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers according to type of risk‐reducing surgery, Outcome 1 Overall survival.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers according to type of risk‐reducing surgery, Outcome 2 Breast cancer mortality.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA1 mutation carriers according to age at RRSO, Outcome 1 Breast cancer mortality.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) versus no RRSO in BRCA2 mutation carriers according to age at RRSO, Outcome 1 Breast cancer mortality.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Domchek 2006 {published data only}
    1. Domchek SM, Friebel TM, Neuhausen SL, Wagner T, Evans G, Isaacs C, et al. Mortality after bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncology 2006;7(3):223‐9. [PUBMED: 16510331] - PubMed
Domchek 2010 {published data only}
    1. Domchek SM, Friebel TM, Singer CF, Evans DG, Lynch HT, Isaacs C, et al. Association of risk‐reducing surgery in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with cancer risk and mortality. JAMA 2010;304(9):967‐75. [PUBMED: 20810374] - PMC - PubMed
Heemskerk‐Gerritsen 2015a {published data only}
    1. Heemskerk‐Gerritsen BA, Seynaeve C, Asperen CJ, Ausems MG, Collée JM, Doorn HC, et al. Breast cancer risk after salpingo‐oophorectomy in healthy BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: revisiting the evidence for risk reduction. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2015;107(5):pii: djv033. [PUBMED: 25788320] - PubMed
Ingham 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ingham SL, Sperrin M, Baildam A, Ross GL, Clayton R, Lalloo F, et al. Risk‐reducing surgery increases survival in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers unaffected at time of family referral. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2013;142(3):611‐8. [PUBMED: 24249359] - PubMed
Kotsopoulos 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kotsopoulos J, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Singer CF, Moller P, Lynch HT, et al. Bilateral oophorectomy and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2017;109(1):pii: djw177. [PUBMED: 27601060] - PMC - PubMed
Kramer 2005 {published data only}
    1. Kramer JL, Velazquez IA, Chen BE, Rosenberg PS, Struewing JP, Greene MH. Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during prospective, long‐term follow‐up of BRCA1 mutation carriers. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(34):8629‐35. [PUBMED: 16314625] - PubMed
Madalinska 2007 {published data only}
    1. Madalinska JB, Beurden M, Bleiker EM, Valdimarsdottir HB, Lubsen‐Brandsma L, Massuger LF, et al. Predictors of prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy compared with gynecologic screening use in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(3):301‐7. [PUBMED: 17235045] - PubMed
Rebbeck 1999 {published data only}
    1. Rebbeck TR, Levin AM, Eisen A, Snyder C, Watson P, Cannon‐Albright L, et al. Breast cancer risk after bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999;91(17):1475‐9. - PubMed
Rebbeck 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, Narod SA, Van't Veer L, Garber JE, et al. Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;346(21):1616‐22. - PubMed
Rebbeck 2004 {published data only}
    1. Rebbeck TR, Friebel T, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, van't Veer L, Garber JE, et al. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004;22(6):1055‐62. [PUBMED: 14981104] - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Benshushan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Benshushan A, Rojansky N, Chaviv M, Arbel‐Alon S, Benmeir A, Imbar T, et al. Climacteric symptoms in women undergoing risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Climacteric 2009;12(5):404‐9. [PUBMED: 19479488] - PubMed
Chang‐Claude 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chang‐Claude J, Andrieu N, Rookus M, Brohet R, Antoniou AC, Peock S, et al. Age at menarche and menopause and breast cancer risk in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2007;16(4):740‐6. [PUBMED: 17416765] - PubMed
Eisen 2005 {published data only}
    1. Eisen A, Lubinski J, Klijn J, Moller P, Lynch HT, Offit K, et al. Breast cancer risk following bilateral oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: an international case‐control study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(30):7491‐6. [PUBMED: 16234515] - PubMed
Evans 2009 {published data only}
    1. Evans DG, Clayton R, Donnai P, Shenton A, Lalloo F. Risk‐reducing surgery for ovarian cancer: outcomes in 300 surgeries suggest a low peritoneal primary risk. European Journal of Human Genetics 2009;17(11):1381‐5. [PUBMED: 19367322] - PMC - PubMed
Evans 2013 {published data only}
    1. Evans DG, Ingham SL, Baildam A, Ross GL, Lalloo F, Buchan I, et al. Contralateral mastectomy improves survival in women with BRCA1/2‐associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2013;140(1):135‐42. [PUBMED: 23784379] - PubMed
Finch 2006 {published data only}
    1. Finch A, Beiner M, Lubinski J, Lynch HT, Moller P, Rosen B, et al. Salpingo‐oophorectomy and the risk of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. JAMA 2006;296(2):185‐92. [PUBMED: 16835424] - PubMed
Finch 2009 {published data only}
    1. Finch A, Metcalfe K, Lui J, Springate C, Demsky R, Armel S, et al. Breast and ovarian cancer risk perception after prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy due to an inherited mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Clinical Genetics 2009;75(3):220‐4. [PUBMED: 19263514] - PubMed
Finch 2011 {published data only}
    1. Finch A, Metcalfe KA, Chiang JK, Elit L, McLaughlin J, Springate C, et al. The impact of prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy on menopausal symptoms and sexual function in women who carry a BRCA mutation. Gynecologic Oncology 2011;121(1):163‐8. [PUBMED: 21216453] - PubMed
Finch 2013 {published data only}
    1. Finch A, Metcalfe KA, Chiang J, Elit L, McLaughlin J, Springate C, et al. The impact of prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy on quality of life and psychological distress in women with a BRCA mutation. Psycho‐oncology 2013;22(1):212‐9. [PUBMED: 21913283] - PubMed
Finch 2014 {published data only}
    1. Finch AP, Lubinski J, Møller P, Singer CF, Karlan B, Senter L, et al. Impact of oophorectomy on cancer incidence and mortality in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32(15):1547‐53. [PUBMED: 24567435] - PMC - PubMed
Finkelman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Finkelman BS, Rubinstein WS, Friedman S, Friebel TM, Dubitsky S, Schonberger NS, et al. Breast and ovarian cancer risk and risk reduction in Jewish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30(12):1321‐8. [PUBMED: 22430266] - PMC - PubMed
Heemskerk‐Gerritsen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Heemskerk‐Gerritsen BA, Menke‐Pluijmers MB, Jager A, Tilanus‐Linthorst MM, Koppert LB, Obdeijn IM, et al. Substantial breast cancer risk reduction and potential survival benefit after bilateral mastectomy when compared with surveillance in healthy BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a prospective analysis. Journal of Oncology 2013;24(8):2029‐35. [PUBMED: 23576707] - PubMed
Heemskerk‐Gerritsen 2015b {published data only}
    1. Heemskerk‐Gerritsen BA, Rookus MA, Aalfs CM, Ausems MG, Collee JM, Jansen L, et al. Improved overall survival after contralateral risk‐reducing mastectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with a history of unilateral breast cancer: a prospective analysis. International Journal of Cancer 2015;136(3):668‐77. [PUBMED: 24947112] - PubMed
Hunsinger 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hunsinger V, Marchac AC, Derder M, Hivelin M, Lecuru F, Bats AS, et al. A new strategy for prophylactic surgery in BRCA women: combined mastectomy and laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy with immediate reconstruction by double DIEP flap. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique 2016;61(3):177‐82. [PUBMED: 26946931] - PubMed
Iavazzo 2016 {published data only}
    1. Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID, Vrachnis N. Primary peritoneal cancer in BRCA carriers after prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association 2016;17(2):73‐6. [PUBMED: 27403072] - PMC - PubMed
Johansen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Johansen N, Liavaag AH, Tanbo TG, Dahl AA, Pripp AH, Michelsen TM. Sexual activity and functioning after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: impact of hormone replacement therapy. Gynecologic Oncology 2016;140(1):101‐6. [PUBMED: 26597462] - PubMed
Johansen 2017 {published data only}
    1. Johansen N, Liavaag AH, Iversen OE, Dorum A, Braaten T, Michelsen TM. Use of hormone replacement therapy after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2017;96(5):547‐55. [PUBMED: 28236297] - PubMed
Kauff 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kauff ND, Satagopan JM, Robson ME, Scheuer L, Hensley M, Hudis CA, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;346(21):1609‐15. [PUBMED: 12023992] - PubMed
Kauff 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kauff ND, Domchek SM, Friebel TM, Robson ME, Lee J, Garber JE, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy for the prevention of BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐associated breast and gynecologic cancer: a multicenter, prospective study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(8):1331‐7. [PUBMED: 18268356] - PMC - PubMed
Kwon 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kwon JS, Tinker A, Pansegrau G, McAlpine J, Housty M, McCullum M, et al. Prophylactic salpingectomy and delayed oophorectomy as an alternative for BRCA mutation carriers. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013;121(1):14‐24. [PUBMED: 23232752] - PubMed
Laki 2007 {published data only}
    1. Laki F, Kirova YM, This P, Plancher C, Asselain B, Sastre X, et al. Prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy in a series of 89 women carrying a BRCA1 or a BRCA2 mutation. Cancer 2007;109(9):1784‐90. [PUBMED: 17351952] - PubMed
Madalinska 2005 {published data only}
    1. Madalinska JB, Hollenstein J, Bleiker E, Beurden M, Valdimarsdottir HB, Massuger LF, et al. Quality‐of‐life effects of prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy versus gynecologic screening among women at increased risk of hereditary ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(28):6890‐8. [PUBMED: 16129845] - PubMed
Manchanda 2011 {published data only}
    1. Manchanda R, Abdelraheim A, Johnson M, Rosenthal AN, Benjamin E, Brunell C, et al. Outcome of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA carriers and women of unknown mutation status. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2011;118(7):814‐24. [PUBMED: 21392246] - PubMed
Meijers‐Heijboer 2001 {published data only}
    1. Meijers‐Heijboer H, Geel B, Putten WL, Henzen‐Logmans SC, Seynaeve C, Menke‐Pluymers MB, et al. Breast cancer after prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;345(3):159‐64. [PUBMED: 11463009] - PubMed
Menkiszak 2016 {published data only}
    1. Menkiszak J, Chudecka‐Glaz A, Gronwald J, Cymbaluk‐Ploska A, Celewicz A, Swiniarska M, et al. Prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA1 mutation carriers and postoperative incidence of peritoneal and breast cancers. Journal of Ovarian Research 2016;9:11. [PUBMED: 26928677] - PMC - PubMed
Metcalfe 2014 {published data only}
    1. Metcalfe K, Gershman S, Ghadirian P, Lynch HT, Snyder C, Tung N, et al. Contralateral mastectomy and survival after breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: retrospective analysis. BMJ 2014;348:g226. [PUBMED: 24519767] - PMC - PubMed
Miller 2017 {published data only}
    1. Miller H, Pipkin LS, Tung C, Hall TR, Masand RP, Anderson ML. The role of routine peritoneal and omental biopsies at risk reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2017;24(5):772‐6. [PUBMED: 28285055] - PubMed
Perabo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Perabo M, Fink V, Gunthner‐Biller M, Bodungen V, Friese K, Dian D. Prophylactic mastectomy with immediate reconstruction combined with simultaneous laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy via a transmammary route: a novel surgical approach to female BRCA‐mutation carriers. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014;289(6):1325‐30. [PUBMED: 24389920] - PubMed
Powell 2011 {published data only}
    1. Powell CB, Chen LM, McLennan J, Crawford B, Zaloudek C, Rabban JT, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA mutation carriers: experience with a consecutive series of 111 patients using a standardized surgical‐pathological protocol. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2011;21(5):846‐51. [PUBMED: 21670699] - PubMed
Rocca 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rocca WA, Grossardt BR, Andrade M, Malkasian GD, Melton LJ 3rd. Survival patterns after oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a population‐based cohort study. Lancet Oncology 2006;7(10):821‐8. [PUBMED: 17012044] - PubMed
Rutter 2003 {published data only}
    1. Rutter JL, Wacholder S, Chetrit A, Lubin F, Menczer J, Ebbers S, et al. Gynecologic surgeries and risk of ovarian cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 Ashkenazi founder mutations: an Israeli population‐based case‐control study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003;95(14):1072‐8. [PUBMED: 12865453] - PubMed
Schmeler 2006 {published data only}
    1. Schmeler KM, Sun CC, Bodurka DC, White KG, Soliman PT, Uyei AR, et al. Prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy compared with surveillance in women with BRCA mutations. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;108(3 Pt 1):515‐20. [PUBMED: 16946209] - PubMed
Skytte 2011 {published data only}
    1. Skytte AB, Cruger D, Gerster M, Laenkholm AV, Lang C, Brondum‐Nielsen K, et al. Breast cancer after bilateral risk‐reducing mastectomy. Clinical Genetics 2011;79(5):431‐7. [PUBMED: 21199491] - PubMed
Struewing 1995 {published data only}
    1. Struewing JP, Watson P, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Lynch HT, Tucker MA. Prophylactic oophorectomy in inherited breast/ovarian cancer families. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 1995;17:33‐5. [PUBMED: 8573450] - PubMed
van Sprundel 2005 {published data only}
    1. Sprundel TC, Schmidt MK, Rookus MA, Brohet R, Asperen CJ, Rutgers EJ, et al. Risk reduction of contralateral breast cancer and survival after contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. British Journal of Cancer 2005;93(3):287‐92. [PUBMED: 16052221] - PMC - PubMed
Vermeulen 2017 {published data only}
    1. Vermeulen RFM, Beurden MV, Korse CM, Kenter GG. Impact of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in premenopausal women. Climacteric 2017;20(3):212‐21. [PUBMED: 28509627] - PubMed

Additional references

ACOG 2009
    1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins‐Gynecology, ACOG Committee on Genetics, Society of Gynecologic Oncologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 103: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009;113(4):957‐66. - PubMed
Agoritsas 2013
    1. Agoritsas T, Guyatt GH. Evidence‐based medicine 20 years on: a view from the inside. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2013; Vol. 40, issue 4:448‐9. [PUBMED: 23786723] - PubMed
Alhuqail 2018
    1. Alhuqail AJ, Alzahrani A, Almubarak H, Al‐Qadheeb S, Alghofaili L, Almoghrabi N, et al. High prevalence of deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in Arab breast and ovarian cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2018;168(3):695‐702. [PUBMED: 29297111] - PubMed
Ang 2011
    1. Ang C, Chan KK, Bryant A, Naik R, Dickinson HO. Ultra‐radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007697.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Archey 2017
    1. Archey WB, Arrick BA. Transactivation of the estrogen receptor promoter by BRCA1. Cancer Cell International 2017;17:33. [PUBMED: 28270739] - PMC - PubMed
Armstrong 2004
    1. Armstrong K, Schwartz JS, Randall T, Rubin SC, Weber B. Hormone replacement therapy and life expectancy after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations: a decision analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004;22(6):1045‐54. - PubMed
Arts‐de Jong 2016
    1. Arts‐de Jong M, Bock GH, Asperen CJ, Mourits MJ, Hullu JA, Kets CM. Germline BRCA1/2 mutation testing is indicated in every patient with epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review. European Journal of Cancer 2016;61:137‐45. [PUBMED: 27209246] - PubMed
Augustinsson 2018
    1. Augustinsson A, Ellberg C, Kristoffersson U, Borg A, Olsson H. Accuracy of self‐reported family history of cancer, mutation status and tumor characteristics in patients with early onset breast cancer. Acta Oncologica 2018;57(5):593‐603. [PUBMED: 29164969] - PubMed
Barlin 2013
    1. Barlin J, Pike M, Otegbeye E, Arnold A, Stadler Z, Robson M, et al. Does postmenopausal risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy reduce the risk of BRCA‐associated breast cancer? Proceedings of the 2013 Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer; 2013 March 9‐12; Los Angeles (CA). 2013:Abstract 245.
Begg 2002
    1. Begg CB. On the use of familial aggregation in population‐based case probands for calculating penetrance. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002;94(16):1221‐6. [PUBMED: 12189225] - PubMed
Biglia 2016
    1. Biglia N, Sgandurra P, Bounous VE, Maggiorotto F, Piva E, Pivetta E, et al. Ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers: analysis of prognostic factors and survival. Ecancermedicalscience 2016;10:639. [PUBMED: 27350785] - PMC - PubMed
Blok 2016
    1. Blok F, Roes EM, Leenders GJ, Beekhuizen HJ. The lack of clinical value of peritoneal washing cytology in high risk patients undergoing risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: a retrospective study and review. BMC Cancer 2016;16:18. [PUBMED: 26768420] - PMC - PubMed
Bober 2015
    1. Bober SL, Recklitis CJ, Bakan J, Garber JE, Patenaude AF. Addressing sexual dysfunction after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: effects of a brief, psychosexual intervention. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2015;12(1):189‐97. [PUBMED: 25311333] - PMC - PubMed
Calderon‐Margalit 2004
    1. Calderon‐Margalit R, Paltiel O. Prevention of breast cancer in women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: a critical review of the literature. International Journal of Cancer 2004;112(3):357‐64. [PUBMED: 15382059] - PubMed
Callahan 2007
    1. Callahan MJ, Crum CP, Medeiros F, Kindelberger DW, Elvin JA, Garber JE, et al. Primary fallopian tube malignancies in BRCA‐positive women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer risk reduction. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(25):3985‐90. [PUBMED: 17761984] - PubMed
Chan 2011
    1. Chan RJ, Webster J, Marquart L. Information interventions for orienting patients and their carers to cancer care facilities. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008273.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Crum 2007
    1. Crum CP, Drapkin R, Miron A, Ince TA, Muto M, Kindelberger DW, et al. The distal fallopian tube: a new model for pelvic serous carcinogenesis. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007;19(1):3‐9. [PUBMED: 17218844] - PubMed
CTCAE 2010
    1. National Institutes of Health ‐ National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.03. evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/CTCAE_4.03_2010‐06‐14_QuickReference_8.5x11.pdf (accessed 5 December 2016).
De Felice 2015
    1. Felice F, Marchetti C, Musella A, Palaia I, Perniola G, Musio D, et al. Bilateral risk‐reduction mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a meta‐analysis. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2015;22(9):2876‐80. [PUBMED: 25808098] - PubMed
De Felice 2017
    1. Felice F, Marchetti C, Boccia SM, Romito A, Sassu CM, Porpora MG, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated patients: an evidence‐based approach on what women should know. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2017;61:1‐5. [PUBMED: 29028552] - PubMed
Deeks 2001
    1. Deeks JJ, Altman DG, Bradburn MJ. Statistical Methods for Examining Heterogeneity and Combining Results from Several Studies in Meta‐analysis. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta‐Analysis in Context. London: BMJ Publication Group, 2001.
DerSimonian 1986
    1. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta‐analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 1986;7(3):177‐88. - PubMed
Domchek 2007
    1. Domchek SM, Rebbeck TR. Prophylactic oophorectomy in women at increased cancer risk. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007;19(1):27‐30. [PUBMED: 17218848] - PubMed
Dowdy 2004
    1. Dowdy SC, Stefanek M, Hartmann LC. Surgical risk reduction: prophylactic salpingo‐oophorectomy and prophylactic mastectomy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;191(4):1113‐23. [PUBMED: 15507929] - PubMed
Eccles 2016
    1. Eccles DM, Balmaña J, Clune J, Ehlken B, Gohlke A, Hirst C, et al. Selecting patients with ovarian cancer for germline BRCA mutation testing: findings from guidelines and a systematic literature review. Advances in Therapy 2016;33(2):129‐50. [PUBMED: 26809252] - PubMed
ESMO 2013
    1. Ledermann JA, Raja FA, Fotopoulou C, Gonzalez‐Martin A, Colombo N, Sessa C: ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up. Annals of Oncology 2013;24(S6):vi24‐32. - PubMed
Fakkert 2015
    1. Fakkert IE, Abma EM, Westrik IG, Lefrandt JD, Wolffenbuttel BH, Oosterwijk JC, et al. Bone mineral density and fractures after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in women at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. European Journal of Cancer 2015;51(3):400‐8. [PUBMED: 25532426] - PubMed
Ford 1998
    1. Ford D, Easton DF, Stratton M, Narod S, Goldgar D, Devilee P, et al. Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. American Journal of Human Genetics 1998;62(3):676‐89. - PMC - PubMed
Girolimetti 2014
    1. Girolimetti G, Perrone AM, Santini D, Barbieri E, Guerra F, Ferrari S, et al. BRCA‐associated ovarian cancer: from molecular genetics to risk management. BioMed Research International 2014;2014:787143. [PUBMED: 25136623] - PMC - PubMed
Gottschau 2016
    1. Gottschau M, Mellemkjaer L, Hannibal CG, Kjaer SK. Ovarian and tubal cancer in Denmark: an update on incidence and survival. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2016;95(10):1181‐9. [PUBMED: 27454324] - PubMed
GRADEpro GDT 2014 [Computer program]
    1. GRADE Working Group, McMaster University. GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT). Hamilton (ON): GRADE Working Group, McMaster University, 2014.
Guidozzi 2016
    1. Guidozzi F. Hormone therapy after prophylactic risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy in women who have BRCA gene mutation. Climacteric 2016;19(5):419‐22. [PUBMED: 27426853] - PubMed
Harmsen 2015
    1. Harmsen MG, Arts‐de Jong M, Hoogerbrugge N, Maas AH, Prins JB, Bulten J, et al. Early salpingectomy (TUbectomy) with delayed oophorectomy to improve quality of life as alternative for risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (TUBA study): a prospective non‐randomised multicentre study. BMC Cancer 2015;15:593. [PUBMED: 26286255] - PMC - PubMed
Harmsen 2016
    1. Harmsen MG, IntHout J, Arts‐de Jong M, Hoogerbrugge N, Massuger LF, Hermens RP, et al. Salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: estimating ovarian cancer risk. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016;127(6):1054‐63. [PUBMED: 27159752] - PubMed
Hartge 1999
    1. Hartge P, Struewing JP, Wacholder S, Brody LC, Tucker MA. The prevalence of common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among Ashkenazi Jews. American Journal of Human Genetics 1999;64(4):963‐70. [PUBMED: 10090881] - PMC - PubMed
Hartmann 2015
    1. Hartmann LC, Degnim AC, Dupont WD. Atypical hyperplasia of the breast. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372(13):1271‐2. [PUBMED: 25806929] - PubMed
Hartmann 2016
    1. Hartmann LC, Lindor NM. Risk‐reducing surgery in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2016;374(24):2404. [PUBMED: 27305204] - PubMed
Hermsen 2007
    1. Hermsen BB, Olivier RI, Verheijen RH, Beurden M, Hullu JA, Massuger LF, et al. No efficacy of annual gynaecological screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers; an observational follow‐up study. British Journal of Cancer 2007;96(9):1335‐42. [PUBMED: 17426707] - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2003
    1. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta‐analyses. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Hussein 2008
    1. Hussein MR, Abd‐Elwahed SR, Abdulwahed AR. Alterations of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and c‐erbB2 oncogene protein expression in ductal carcinomas of the breast. Cell Biology International 2008;32(6):698‐707. [PUBMED: 18296077] - PubMed
IARC 2012
    1. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, and mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_population.aspx (accessed 5 December 2016).
Iodice 2010
    1. Iodice S, Barile M, Rotmensz N, Feroce I, Bonanni B, Radice P, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers: a meta‐analysis. European Journal of Cancer 2010;46(12):2275‐84. [PUBMED: 20537530] - PubMed
Karakasis 2016
    1. Karakasis K, Burnier JV, Bowering V, Oza AM, Lheureux S. Ovarian cancer and BRCA1/2 testing: opportunities to improve clinical care and disease prevention. Frontiers in Oncology 2016;6:119. [PUBMED: 27242959] - PMC - PubMed
Karlan 2004
    1. Karlan BY. Defining cancer risks for BRCA germline mutation carriers: implications for surgical prophylaxis. Gynecologic Oncology 2004;92(2):519‐20. - PubMed
King 2003
    1. King MC, Marks JH, Mandell JB, New York Breast Cancer Study Group. Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 2003;302(5645):643‐6. - PubMed
Klaren 2003
    1. Klaren HM, van't Veer LJ, Leeuwen FE, Rookus MA. Potential for bias in studies on efficacy of prophylactic surgery for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003;95(13):941‐7. [PUBMED: 12837830] - PubMed
Koc 2018
    1. Koc N, Ayas S, Arinkan SA. Comparison of the classical method and SEE‐FIM protocol in detecting microscopic lesions in fallopian tubes with gynecological lesions. Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2018; Vol. 52, issue 1:21‐7. [DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.06.17; PUBMED: 27539290] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kotsopoulos 2016
    1. Kotsopoulos J, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Moller P, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al. Hormone replacement therapy after menopause and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers: a case‐control study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2016;155(2):365‐73. [PUBMED: 26780555] - PubMed
Kotsopoulos 2018
    1. Kotsopoulos J, Gronwald J, Karlan BY, Huzarski T, Tung N, Moller P, et al. Hormone replacement therapy after oophorectomy and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers. JAMA oncology 2018, Apr 19;[Epub ahead of print]. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0211; PUBMED: 29710224] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kramer 2013
    1. Kramer L. Mixed reviews on removing fallopian tubes to prevent ovarian cancer. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2013;185(9):E391‐2. - PMC - PubMed
Kuchenbaecker 2017
    1. Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos‐Blom MJ, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA 2017;317(23):2402‐16. - PubMed
Langendam 2013
    1. Langendam MW, Akl EA, Dahm P, Glasziou P, Guyatt G, Schünemann HJ. Assessing and presenting summaries of evidence in Cochrane Reviews. Systematic Reviews 2013;2:81. - PMC - PubMed
Lee 2017
    1. Lee YJ, Lee SW, Kim KR, Jung KH, Lee JW, Kim YM. Pathologic findings at risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) in germline BRCA mutation carriers with breast cancer: significance of bilateral RRSO at the optimal age in germline BRCA mutation carriers. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 2017;28(1):e3. [PUBMED: 27670257] - PMC - PubMed
Lee 2017a
    1. Lee YC, Milne RL, Lheureux S, Friedlander M, McLachlan SA, Martin KL, et al. Risk of uterine cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. European Journal of Cancer 2017;84:114‐20. [PUBMED: 28802188] - PubMed
Lengyel 2013
    1. Lengyel E, Fleming S, McEwen KA, Montag A, Temkin SM. Serial sectioning of the fallopian tube allows for improved identification of primary fallopian tube carcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology 2013;129(1):120‐3. [PUBMED: 23237768] - PMC - PubMed
Leonhardt 2011
    1. Leonhardt K, Einenkel J, Sohr S, Engeland K, Horn LC. p53 signature and serous tubal in‐situ carcinoma in cases of primary tubal and peritoneal carcinomas and serous borderline tumors of the ovary. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 2011;30(5):417‐24. [PUBMED: 21804388] - PubMed
Leygue 1998
    1. Leygue E, Dotzlaw H, Watson PH, Murphy LC. Altered estrogen receptor alpha and beta messenger RNA expression during human breast tumorigenesis. Cancer Research 1998;58(15):3197‐201. [PUBMED: 9699641] - PubMed
Lheureux 2016
    1. Lheureux S, Karakasis K, Harter P, Scott C, Bacon M, Bryce J, et al. Germline BRCA1/2 testing practices in ovarian cancer: current state and opportunities for new directions. Gynecologic Oncology 2016;140(1):90‐4. [PUBMED: 26475959] - PubMed
Li 2016
    1. Li X, You R, Wang X, Liu C, Xu Z, Zhou J, et al. Effectiveness of prophylactic surgeries in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers: a meta‐analysis and systematic review. Clinical Cancer Research 2016;22(15):3971‐81. [PUBMED: 26979395] - PubMed
Liberati 2009
    1. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 2009;339:b2700. - PMC - PubMed
Loman 1998
    1. Loman N, Johannsson O, Bendahl PO, Borg A, Ferno M, Olsson H. Steroid receptors in hereditary breast carcinomas associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations or unknown susceptibility genes. Cancer 1998;83(2):310‐9. [PUBMED: 9669814] - PubMed
Lostumbo 2010
    1. Lostumbo L, Carbine NE, Wallace J. Prophylactic mastectomy for the prevention of breast cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002748.pub3] - DOI - PubMed
Ludwig 2016
    1. Ludwig KK, Neuner J, Butler A, Geurts JL, Kong AL. Risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers, a systematic review. American Journal of Surgery 2016;212(4):660‐9. [PUBMED: 27649974] - PubMed
Lynch 2013
    1. Lynch HT, Snyder C, Casey MJ. Hereditary ovarian and breast cancer: what have we learned?. Annals of Oncology 2013;24(Suppl 8):viii83‐95. - PubMed
Maeshima 2016
    1. Maeshima Y, Oseto K, Katsuragi R, Yoshimoto Y, Takahara S, Yamauchi A. Experience with bilateral risk‐reducing mastectomy for an unaffected BRCA mutation carrier. Journal of Breast Cancer 2016;19(2):218‐21. [PUBMED: 27382401] - PMC - PubMed
Mahe 2013
    1. Mahe E, Tang S, Deb P, Sur M, Lytwyn A, Daya D. Do deeper sections increase the frequency of detection of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in the "sectioning and extensively examining the FIMbriated end" (SEE‐FIM) protocol?. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 2013;32(4):353‐7. [PUBMED: 23722507] - PubMed
Marchetti 2014
    1. Marchetti C, Felice F, Palaia I, Perniola G, Musella A, Musio D, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: a meta‐analysis on impact on ovarian cancer risk and all cause mortality in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers. BMC Women's Health 2014;14:150. [PUBMED: 25494812] - PMC - PubMed
McGuire 2016
    1. McGuire V, Hartge P, Liao LM, Sinha R, Bernstein L, Canchola AJ, et al. Parity and oral contraceptive use in relation to ovarian cancer risk in older women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2016;25(7):1059‐63. [PUBMED: 27197274] - PMC - PubMed
Meader 2014
    1. Meader N, King K, Llewellyn A, Norman G, Brown J, Rodgers M, et al. A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation. Systematic Reviews 2014;3:82. - PMC - PubMed
Meaney‐Delman 2013
    1. Meaney‐Delman D, Bellcross CA. Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome: a primer for obstetricians/gynaecologists. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 2013;40(3):475‐512. - PubMed
Metcalfe 2015
    1. Metcalfe K, Lynch HT, Foulkes WD, Tung N, Kim‐Sing C, Olopade OI, et al. Effect of oophorectomy on survival after breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA Oncology 2015;1(3):306‐13. [PUBMED: 26181175] - PubMed
Mitrunen 2003
    1. Mitrunen K, Hirvonen A. Molecular epidemiology of sporadic breast cancer. The role of polymorphic genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Mutation Research 2003;544(1):9‐41. [PUBMED: 12888106] - PubMed
Narod 2001
    1. Narod SA. Hormonal prevention of hereditary breast cancer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2001;952:36‐43. [PUBMED: 11795442] - PubMed
NCCN 2014
    1. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Epithelial ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer) Version 3.2014. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp#site (accessed 5 December 2016).
Nebgen 2018
    1. Nebgen DR, Hurteau J, Holman LL, Bradford A, Munsell MF, Soletsky BR, et al. Bilateral salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy for ovarian cancer risk reduction: a pilot study in women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Gynecologic Oncology 2018;150(1):79‐84. [PUBMED: 29735278] - PubMed
Oliver 2015
    1. Oliver Perez MR, Magrina J, Garcia AT, Jimenez Lopez JS. Prophylactic salpingectomy and prophylactic salpingoophorectomy for adnexal high‐grade serous epithelial carcinoma: a reappraisal. Surgical Oncology 2015;24(4):335‐44. [PUBMED: 26690823] - PubMed
Olivier 2004
    1. Olivier RI, Beurden M, Lubsen MA, Rookus MA, Mooij TM, Vijver MJ, et al. Clinical outcome of prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers and events during follow‐up. British Journal of Cancer 2004;90(8):1492‐7. [PUBMED: 15083174] - PMC - PubMed
Olopade 2004
    1. Olopade OI, Artioli G. Efficacy of risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in women with BRCA‐1 and BRCA‐2 mutations. Breast Journal 2004;10(Suppl 1):S5‐9. [PUBMED: 14984481] - PubMed
Ozols 2006
    1. Ozols RF. Challenges for chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Annals of Oncology 2006;17(Suppl 5):v181‐7. - PubMed
Pal 2005
    1. Pal T, Permuth‐Wey J, Betts JA, Krischer JP, Fiorica J, Arango H, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for a large proportion of ovarian carcinoma cases. Cancer 2005;104(12):2807‐16. [PUBMED: 16284991] - PubMed
Parmar 1998
    1. Parmar MK, Torri V, Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta‐analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Statistics in Medicine 1998;17(24):2815‐34. - PubMed
Pinsky 2013
    1. Pinsky PF, Zhu C, Skates SJ, Black A, Partridge E, Buys SS, et al. Potential effect of the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) on the mortality outcome of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial. International Journal of Cancer 2013;132(9):2127‐33. - PubMed
Powell 2005
    1. Powell CB, Kenley E, Chen LM, Crawford B, McLennan J, Zaloudek C, et al. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA mutation carriers: role of serial sectioning in the detection of occult malignancy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(1):127‐32. - PubMed
Powell 2014
    1. Powell CB. Risk reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy for BRCA mutation carriers: twenty years later. Gynecologic Oncology 2014;132(2):261‐3. [PUBMED: 24528542] - PubMed
Ready 2011
    1. Ready K, Gutierrez‐Barrera AM, Amos C, Meric‐Bernstam F, Lu K, Hortobagyi G, et al. Cancer risk management decisions of women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance. Breast Journal 2011;17(2):210‐2. [PUBMED: 21294809] - PubMed
Rebbeck 2005
    1. Rebbeck TR, Friebel T, Wagner T, Lynch HT, Garber JE, Daly MB, et al: PROSE Study Group. Effect of short‐term hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk reduction after bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(31):7804‐10. - PubMed
Rebbeck 2009
    1. Rebbeck TR, Kauff ND, Domchek SM. Meta‐analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2009;101(2):80‐7. [PUBMED: 19141781] - PMC - PubMed
Review Manager 2014 [Computer program]
    1. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Risch 2001
    1. Risch HA, McLaughlin JR, Cole DE, Rosen B, Bradley L, Kwan E, et al. Prevalence and penetrance of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population series of 649 women with ovarian cancer. American Journal of Human Genetics 2001;68(3):700‐10. [PUBMED: 11179017] - PMC - PubMed
Roila 2001
    1. Roila F, Cortesi E. Quality of life as a primary end point in oncology. Annals of Oncology 2001;12 Suppl 3:S3‐6. [PUBMED: 11804381] - PubMed
Rosenthal 2013a
    1. Rosenthal AN, Fraser L, Manchanda R, Badman P, Philpott S, Mozersky J, et al. Results of annual screening in phase I of the United Kingdom familial ovarian cancer screening study highlight the need for strict adherence to screening schedule. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(1):49‐57. [PUBMED: 23213100] - PMC - PubMed
Rosenthal 2013b
    1. Rosenthal AN, Fraser L, Philpott S, Manchanda R, Badman P, Hadwin R, et al. Final results of 4‐monthly screening in the UK Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study (UKFOCSS Phase 2). 2013 ASCO annual meeting. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;(Suppl):Abstract 5507.
Salhab 2010
    1. Salhab M, Bismohun S, Mokbel K. Risk‐reducing strategies for women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations with a focus on prophylactic surgery. BMC Women's Health 2010;10:28. [PUBMED: 20961453] - PMC - PubMed
Satagopan 2002
    1. Satagopan JM, Boyd J, Kauff ND, Robson M, Scheuer L, Narod S, et al. Ovarian cancer risk in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Clinical Cancer Research 2002;8(12):3776‐81. - PubMed
Saule 2018
    1. Saule C, Mouret‐Fourme E, Briaux A, Becette V, Rouzier R, Houdayer C, et al. Risk of serous endometrial carcinoma in women with pathogenic BRCA1/2 variant after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2018;110(2):213‐5. [PUBMED: 28954295] - PubMed
Schenberg 2014
    1. Schenberg T, Mitchell G. Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy as a prevention strategy in women at high‐risk of ovarian cancer: a mini‐review. Frontiers in Oncology 2014;4:21. [PUBMED: 24575389] - PMC - PubMed
Schünemann 2011
    1. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JP, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Guyatt GH. Chapter 11: Presenting results and 'Summary of findings' tables. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Segev 2013
    1. Segev Y, Iqbal J, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Lynch HT, Moller P, et al. The incidence of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: an international prospective cohort study. Gynecologic Oncology 2013;130(1):127‐31. [PUBMED: 23562522] - PubMed
Shu 2016
    1. Shu CA, Pike MC, Jotwani AR, Friebel TM, Soslow RA, Levine DA, et al. Uterine cancer after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy without hysterectomy in women with BRCA mutations. JAMA Oncology 2016;2(11):1434‐40. [PUBMED: 27367496] - PMC - PubMed
Simon 1984
    1. Simon R, Makuch RW. A non‐parametric graphical representation of the relationship between survival and the occurrence of an event: application to responder versus non‐responder bias. Statistics in Medicine 1984;3(1):35‐44. [PUBMED: 6729287] - PubMed
Siyam 2017
    1. Siyam T, Ross S, Campbell S, Eurich DT, Yuksel N. The effect of hormone therapy on quality of life and breast cancer risk after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: a systematic review. BMC Women's Health 2017;17(1):22. [PUBMED: 28320467] - PMC - PubMed
Spitzer 1981
    1. Spitzer WO, Dobson AJ, Hall J, Chesterman E, Levi J, Shepherd R, et al. Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: a concise QL‐index for use by physicians. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1981;34(12):585‐97. [PUBMED: 7309824] - PubMed
Staples 2013
    1. Staples J, Goodman A. Chapter 14: PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. In: Díaz‐Padilla I editor(s). Ovarian Cancer ‐ a Clinical and Translational Update. London: InTech, 2013.
Sterne 2016
    1. Sterne JA, Hernan MA, Reeves BC, Savovic J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS‐I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non‐randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 2016;355:i4919. [PUBMED: 27733354] - PMC - PubMed
Stirling 2005
    1. Stirling D, Evans DG, Pichert G, Shenton A, Kirk EN, Rimmer S, et al. Screening for familial ovarian cancer: failure of current protocols to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage according to the international Federation of gynecology and obstetrics system. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(24):5588‐96. [PUBMED: 16110018] - PubMed
Struewing 1997
    1. Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S, Baker SM, Berlin M, McAdams M, et al. The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews. New England Journal of Medicine 1997;336(20):1401‐8. - PubMed
Tschernichovsky 2017
    1. Tschernichovsky R, Goodman A. Risk‐reducing strategies for ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers: a balancing act. Oncologist 2017;22(4):450‐9. [PUBMED: 28314837] - PMC - PubMed
Tutt 2002
    1. Tutt A, Ashworth A. The relationship between the roles of BRCA genes in DNA repair and cancer predisposition. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2002;8(12):571‐6. [PUBMED: 12470990] - PubMed
van Verschuer 2014
    1. Verschuer VM, Heemskerk‐Gerritsen BA, Deurzen CH, Obdeijn IM, Tilanus‐Linthorst MM, Verhoef C, et al. Lower mitotic activity in BRCA1/2‐associated primary breast cancers occurring after risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy. Cancer Biology & Therapy 2014;15(4):371‐9. [PUBMED: 24423863] - PMC - PubMed
Venkitaraman 2014
    1. Venkitaraman AR. Cancer suppression by the chromosome custodians, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 2014;343(6178):1470‐5. [PUBMED: 24675954] - PubMed
Veronesi 2005
    1. Veronesi A, Giacomi C, Magri MD, Lombardi D, Zanetti M, Scuderi C, et al. Familial breast cancer: characteristics and outcome of BRCA 1‐2 positive and negative cases. BMC Cancer 2005;5:70. [PUBMED: 15996267] - PMC - PubMed
Wacholder 2004
    1. Wacholder S. Bias in intervention studies that enrol patients from high‐risk clinics. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2004;96(16):1204‐7. [PUBMED: 15316055] - PubMed
Walker 2015
    1. Walker JL, Powell CB, Chen LM, Carter J, Bae Jump VL, Parker LP, et al. Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cancer 2015;121(13):2108‐20. [PUBMED: 25820366] - PubMed
Zakhour 2016
    1. Zakhour M, Danovitch Y, Lester J, Rimel BJ, Walsh CS, Li AJ, et al. Occult and subsequent cancer incidence following risk‐reducing surgery in BRCA mutation carriers. Gynecologic Oncology 2016;143(2):231‐5. [PUBMED: 27623252] - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources