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Review
. 2018 Nov:121:3-10.
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Three-Dimensional Printing in Urology: History, Current Applications, and Future Directions

Niki Parikh  1 , Pranav Sharma  2
Affiliations
Review

Three-Dimensional Printing in Urology: History, Current Applications, and Future Directions

Niki Parikh et al. Urology. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

To review the history, current applications, limitations, and future directions of three-dimensional (3D) printing within the field of urology. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process in which a 3D model is created using a computer-generated image. This technology is applied by companies to create and test new drugs, design and manufacture instrument prototypes, and create patient-specific models of organs for surgical teaching and planning. A literature review was performed within the Web of Science and PubMed databases from January 2008 to May 2018 using keyword phrases "3D printing" and "urology." A total of 46 relevant publications were included.

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