Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Sep;24(9-a Suppl):S5-S13.
doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.9-a.s5.

Burden of Illness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Anthony Cannon  1 , Yehuda Handelsman  2 , Michael Heile  3 , Michael Shannon  4
Affiliations
Review

Burden of Illness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Anthony Cannon et al. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

An estimated 30.2 million Americans have diabetes, and this number is expected to increase based on trends over recent decades and compounded by an aging U.S.

Population: As reviewed in this article, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and with a substantial socioeconomic burden. Compared with individuals without T2DM, those with T2DM have worse HRQoL, greater decrements in HRQoL over time, and possibly greater depressive symptomology. Diabetes-related complications and comorbidities (e.g., obesity and cardiovascular disease) are associated with worse HRQoL. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with reduced HRQoL and greater levels of depression; they can also interfere with social and occupational activities. In turn, low HRQoL can be a driver for poor glycemic control. In 2012, the total estimated cost associated with diagnosed diabetes in the United States was $245 billion. Factors contributing to increased health care resource utilization and costs in patients with T2DM include medical comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, inadequate glycemic control, and hypoglycemic episodes. Readmission is a key driver of hospital-related costs and is more common among elderly patients with T2DM. Elderly patients with T2DM represent a particularly vulnerable population given that these patients may have varying degrees of physical and mental comorbidities that can increase their risk of hypoglycemia, falls, and depression. This review demonstrates that T2DM imposes a considerable burden on both the individual and society. Treatment strategies should consider the effects of treatment on HRQoL and on outcomes (e.g., complications and hypoglycemia) that affect both HRQoL and costs. Management strategies that maximize HRQoL while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia and other treatment-related complications are particularly critical in the elderly.

Disclosures: This supplement was funded by Novo Nordisk. Cannon reports speaker fees and owns stock in Novo Nordisk. Handelsman reports research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Grifols, Janssen, Lexicon, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; speaker fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and has served in advisory capacity to Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, Intarcia, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Merck-Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Heile reports speaker fees from and has served as advisor to Novo Nordisk. Shannon reports consultant and speaker fees from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly Alliance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

This supplement was funded by Novo Nordisk. Cannon reports speaker fees and owns stock in Novo Nordisk. Handelsman reports research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Grifols, Janssen, Lexicon, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; speaker fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and has served in advisory capacity to Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, Intarcia, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Merck-Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Heile reports speaker fees from and has served as advisor to Novo Nordisk. Shannon reports consultant and speaker fees from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly Alliance.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Number and Percentage of U.S. Population with Diagnosed Diabetes, 1958-2015
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Mean SF-12 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary Scores in Patients with Low Risk for T2DM, High Risk for T2DM, or T2DM in the SHIELD Study
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Adjusted Health Care Costs per Episode by Episode Type, Patients with Utilization in Each Care Settinga
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-stat.... Accessed July 5, 2018.
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Long-term trends in diabetes. April 2017. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/slides/long_term_trends.pdf. Accessed July 5, 2018.
    1. Rowley WR, Bezold C, Arikan Y, Byrne E, Krohe S. Diabetes 2030: insights from yesterday, today, and future trends. Popul Health Manag. 2017; 20(1):6-12. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National diabetes statistics report, 2014. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/2014-report-estimates-of-diabetes.... Accessed July 5, 2018.
    1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2018. Available at: https://professional.diabetes.org/content-page/standards-medical-care-di.... Accessed July 5, 2018. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms