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. 2018 Aug 29;8(9):674.
doi: 10.3390/nano8090674.

Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

Sithiprumnea Dul  1 , Alessandro Pegoretti  2 , Luca Fambri  3
Affiliations

Effects of the Nanofillers on Physical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Nanocomposites: Comparison of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

Sithiprumnea Dul et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The effects of carbonaceous nanoparticles, such as graphene (GNP) and multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) on the mechanical and electrical properties of acrylonitrile⁻butadiene⁻styrene (ABS) nanocomposites have been investigated. Samples with various filler loadings were produced by solvent free process. Composites ABS/GNP showed higher stiffness, better creep stability and processability, but slightly lower tensile strength and electrical properties (low conductivity) when compared with ABS/CNT nanocomposites. Tensile modulus, tensile strength and creep stability of the nanocomposite, with 6 wt % of GNP, were increased by 47%, 1% and 42%, respectively, while analogous ABS/CNT nanocomposite showed respective values of 23%, 12% and 20%. The electrical percolation threshold was achieved at 7.3 wt % for GNP and 0.9 wt % for CNT. The peculiar behaviour of conductive CNT nanocomposites was also evidenced by the observation of the Joule's effect after application of voltages of 12 and 24 V. Moreover, comparative parameters encompassing stiffness, melt flow and resistivity were proposed for a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the fillers.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes; conductive composites; graphene; mechanical properties; solvent free compounding.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
TEM micrographs of the selected carbonaceous nanoparticles: (a) GNP and (b) CNT.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM micrographs of the samples of GNP-6 (a,b), GNP-30 (c,d) and CNT-6 (e,f).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Melt flow index of ABS/graphene (full symbols) and ABS/CNT (open symbols) nanocomposites at selected temperatures and nanofiller fractions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Melt flow index as a function of temperature of the composites with (a) graphene and (b) carbon nanotubes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Elastic modulus of nanocomposites ABS/GNP (a) and ABS/CNT (b), evidenced in blue and red symbols, respectively. Continuous (___) and dash lines (_ _ _) and dot lines (···) represent prediction according to the Halpin-Tsai models with parallel, 2D random and 3D random orientation, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Creep compliance of nanocomposites with (a) graphene and (b) carbon nanotubes at 30 °C at 3.9 MPa.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Creep compliance (Dtot,3600s) of neat ABS, GNP-6 and CNT-6 nanocomposites at 3.9 MPa at various temperatures in the range of measurements.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Electrical volume resistivity of ABS/GNP and ABS/CNT nanocomposites. The applied voltage was 5 V or 100 V for samples having resistivity lower or higher than 107 Ω·cm, respectively.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Resistivity of composites as function of filler volume fraction and calculated percolation threshold according to power law fit from Equation (20).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Infrared thermal imaging of CNT-6 (left) and CNT-8 (right) nanocomposites samples under an applied voltage of 12 V.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Infrared thermal imaging of CNT-6 (left) and CNT-8 (right) nanocomposites samples under an applied voltage of 24 V.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Increment of surface temperature as a function of time for voltage of 12 V (a) and 24 V (b) applied to ABS/CNT nanocomposites with different fractions of CNT content (starting temperature of 23 °C).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Comparison of selected properties of ABS/GNP and ABS/CNT nanocomposites as function of nanofiller fraction (2–8 wt %).
Figure 14
Figure 14
Comparison of parameters PE,M,ρ (250 °C) combining the effects of elastic modulus, melt flow index at 250 °C and resistivity as a function of nanofiller fraction up to 8 wt %.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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