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. 2018 Aug 22:10:15.
doi: 10.1186/s13102-018-0104-6. eCollection 2018.

Agreement between test procedures for the single-leg hop for distance and the single-leg mini squat as measures of lower extremity function

Eva Ageberg  1 , Anna Cronström  1
Affiliations

Agreement between test procedures for the single-leg hop for distance and the single-leg mini squat as measures of lower extremity function

Eva Ageberg et al. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. .

Abstract

Background: Different test procedures are often used within performance-based measures, causing uncertainty as to whether results can be compared between studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess agreement between different test procedures for the single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) and the single-leg mini squat (SLMS), respectively, two commonly used tasks for assessing deficiency in lower extremity muscle function.

Methods: Twenty-three participants (20-42 years) with lower extremity injury performed the SLHD with arms free and with arms behind back, and the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI; injured leg divided by uninjured and multiplied by 100) was calculated. Another group of 28 participants (mean 18-38 years) performed five SLMSs at a pre-defined speed and maximum number of SLMSs during 30 seconds, and were visually observed and scored as either having a knee-over-foot or a knee-medial-to-foot position (KMFP).

Results: No systematic difference between test procedures for the LSI of the SLHD was noted (p=0.736), Cohen's kappa = 0.42. The Bland & Altman plot showed wide limits of agreement between test procedures, with particularly poor agreement for participants with abnormal LSI (<90%). Ten participants were scored as having a KMFP during five SLMSs at a predefined speed, while five had a KMFP during maximum number of SLMSs during 30 seconds (p=0.063, Cohen's kappa = 0.56).

Conclusions: The moderate agreement between the two test procedures for the SLHD and the SLMS, respectively, indicate that results from these different test procedures should not be compared across studies. SLHD with arms behind back, and five SLMSs at a pre-defined speed, respectively, were the most sensitive procedures to detect individuals with poor functional performance.

Keywords: Lower extremity; hop performance; performance-based measures; postural orientation; reproducibility of results.

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Conflict of interest statement

The Advisory Committee for Research Ethics in Health Education at the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University approved the study (VEN 78-10, VEN 91-10) and the participants gave their written informed consent.The persons in the pictures were not included in the data collection, but they gave their written consent to publish the images.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Single-leg hop for distance performed with hands behind back (a) and with arms free (b).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Single-limb mini squat visually observed and scored as knee-over-foot (a) or knee-medial-to-foot (b).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Bland & Altman graph with limits of agreement (LOA) for the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) of the single-leg hop for distance (SLHD). The differences in LSI between the test procedures with arms free and arms behind back plotted against their mean LSI with the 95% LOA. Mean difference 0.79 (95% LOA -20.91 to 22.44).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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