Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington, London, UK.
• ² Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
• ³ Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK.
• ⁴ Public Health England, Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ⁵ Department of Microbiology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
• ⁶ Healthcare Infection Society, London, UK.
• ⁷ Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ⁸ Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
• ⁹ Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
• ¹⁰ Department of Microbiology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.
• ¹¹ C diff Support, UK.
• ¹² Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ¹³ Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Microbiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London UK. Electronic address: simon.goldenberg@gstt.nhs.uk.