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Review
. 2019 Mar 26;57(4):442-451.
doi: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0682.

Host-response biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory tract infections

Mohammed A A Saleh  1 , Ewoudt M W van de Garde  2   3 , J G Coen van Hasselt  4
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Host-response biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory tract infections

Mohammed A A Saleh et al. Clin Chem Lab Med. .
Free article

Abstract

Appropriate antibiotic treatment for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) necessitates rapid and accurate diagnosis of microbial etiology, which remains challenging despite recent innovations. Several host response-based biomarkers due to infection have been suggested to allow discrimination of bacterial and non-bacterial microbial RTI etiology. This review provides an overview of clinical studies that investigated the diagnostic performance of host-response proteomic biomarkers to identify RTI microbial etiology. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein have been studied most extensively; whereof procalcitonin has demonstrated the strongest diagnostic performance compared to other biomarkers. Proadrenomedullin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, neopterin and pentraxin-3 need more studies to confirm their diagnostic value. For syndecan-4 and lipocalin-2 currently insufficient evidence exists. Common limitations in several of the studies were the relatively small scale setting, heterogeneous patient population and the absence of statistical power calculation.

Keywords: biomarkers; diagnosis; etiology; immunoresponse; respiratory infections.

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