Definition of essential sequences and functional equivalence of elements downstream of the adenovirus E2A and the early simian virus 40 polyadenylation sites

Abstract

In addition to the highly conserved AATAAA sequence, there is a requirement for specific sequences downstream of polyadenylic acid [poly(A)] cleavage sites to generate correct mRNA 3' termini. Previous experiments demonstrated that 35 nucleotides downstream of the E2A poly(A) site were sufficient but 20 nucleotides were not. The construction and assay of bidirectional deletion mutants in the adenovirus E2A poly(A) site indicates that there may be redundant multiple sequence elements that affect poly(A) site usage. Sequences between the poly(A) site and 31 nucleotides downstream were not essential for efficient cleavage. Further deletion downstream (3' to +31) abolished efficient cleavage in certain constructions but not all. Between +20 and +38 the sequence T(A/G)TTTTT was duplicated. Function was retained when one copy of the sequence was present, suggesting that this sequence represents an essential element. There may also be additional sequences distal to +43 that can function. To establish common features of poly(A) sites, we also analyzed the early simian virus 40 (SV40) poly(A) site for essential sequences. An SV40 poly(A) site deletion that retained 18 nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site was fully functional while one that retained 5 nucleotides downstream was not, thus defining sequences required for cleavage. Comparison of the SV40 sequences with those from E2A did not reveal significant homologies. Nevertheless, normal cleavage and polyadenylation could be restored at the early SV40 poly(A) site by the addition of downstream sequences from the adenovirus E2A poly(A) site to the SV40 +5 mutant. The same sequences that were required in the E2A site for efficient cleavage also restored activity to the SV40 poly(A) site.