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Review
. 2018 Jul 10;10(10):295-303.
doi: 10.1177/1756287218785828. eCollection 2018 Oct.

Renal trauma: the current best practice

Tomer Erlich  1 , Noam D Kitrey  2
Affiliations
Review

Renal trauma: the current best practice

Tomer Erlich et al. Ther Adv Urol. .

Abstract

The kidneys are the most vulnerable genitourinary organ in trauma, as they are involved in up to 3.25% of trauma patients. The most common mechanism for renal injury is blunt trauma (predominantly by motor vehicle accidents and falls), while penetrating trauma (mainly caused by firearms and stab wound) comprise the rest. High-velocity weapons impose specifically problematic damage because of the high energy and collateral effect. The mainstay of renal trauma diagnosis is based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), which is indicated in all stable patients with gross hematuria and in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria and hypotension. Additionally, CT should be performed when the mechanism of injury or physical examination findings are suggestive of renal injury (e.g. rapid deceleration, rib fractures, flank ecchymosis, and every penetrating injury of the abdomen, flank or lower chest). Renal trauma management has evolved during the last decades, with a distinct evolution toward a nonoperative approach. The lion's share of renal trauma patients are managed nonoperatively with careful monitoring, reimaging when there is any deterioration, and the use of minimally invasive procedures. These procedures include angioembolization in cases of active bleeding and endourological stenting in cases of urine extravasation.

Keywords: hematuria; kidney injury; multiple trauma; renal injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Renal trauma classification by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). *Advance one grade for bilateral injuries up to grade III.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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