Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation - Worldwide, 2017-2018

Abstract

Substantial progress has been made since the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis in 1988 (1). Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) types, type 2 (WPV2) was declared eradicated in 2015, and type 3 (WPV3) has not been reported since 2012 (1). In 2017 and 2018, only Afghanistan and Pakistan have reported WPV type 1 (WPV1) transmission (1). When global eradication of poliomyelitis is achieved, facilities retaining poliovirus materials need to minimize the risk for reintroduction of poliovirus into communities and reestablishment of transmission. Poliovirus containment includes biorisk management requirements for laboratories, vaccine production sites, and other facilities that retain polioviruses after eradication; the initial milestones are for containment of type 2 polioviruses (PV2s). At the 71st WHA in 2018, World Health Organization (WHO) Member States adopted a resolution urging acceleration of poliovirus containment activities globally, including establishment by the end of 2018 of national authorities for containment (NACs) to oversee poliovirus containment (2). This report summarizes containment progress since the previous report (3) and outlines remaining challenges. As of August 2018, 29 countries had designated 81 facilities to retain PV2 materials; 22 of these countries had established NACs. Although there has been substantial progress, intensification of containment measures is needed.

FIGURE

Areas where monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (mOPV2) has been used for prevention and control of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 transmission, by number of immunization rounds — Worldwide, 2016–2018 * In Mozambique, mOPV2 was used in response to a type 2 ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus (a vaccine-derived poliovirus isolate from a person with or without acute flaccid paralysis and with no known immunodeficiency, or from environmental samples, without evidence for circulation). ^† Data as of August 8, 2018, and subject to change.