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Review
. 2016 Oct;3(4):223-239.
doi: 10.2217/hep-2016-0009. Epub 2017 Jan 20.

Monitoring outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients following hepatic resection

Amir A Rahnemai-Azar  1   1 , Pallavi Pandey  2   2 , Ihab Kamel  3   3 , Timothy M Pawlik  4   4
Affiliations
Review

Monitoring outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients following hepatic resection

Amir A Rahnemai-Azar et al. Hepat Oncol. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is one of the fatal gastrointestinal cancers with increasing incidence and mortality. Although surgery offers the only potential for cure in iCCA patients, the prognosis is not optimal with low overall survival rate and high disease recurrence. Hence, adjuvant therapy is generally recommended in the management of high-risk patients. Identifying factors associated with disease recurrence and survival of the iCCA patients after resection will improve understanding of disease prognosis and help in selecting patients who will benefit from surgical resection or stratifying them for clinical trials. Despite development of new methods for early detection of tumor recurrence, effective prognostic models and nomograms, and recent advances in management, significant challenges remain in improving the prognosis of iCCA patients.

Keywords: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; liver cancer; outcome; prognosis; recurrence; surgical resection; survival; systemic therapy; tumor marker.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

<b>Figure 1.</b>
Figure 1.. Pre-transarterial chemoembolization MRI images.
Large right hepatic lobe lesion proven on pathology to be cholangiocarcinoma appearing as hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted imaging (A) and hypointense on T1-weighted imaging (B). Arterial (C), venous (D) and delayed (E) phase images on post-gadolinium imaging shows progressive central enhancement of the lesion consistent with the desmoplastic nature of cholangiocarcinoma. Diffusion-weighted imaging (F) shows restricted diffusion in the form of bright lesion as compared with surrounding normal liver parenchyma with apparent diffusion coefficient map (G) showing absolute apparent diffusion coefficient value. The liver also had presence of multiple satellite nodules (arrows in [H]) near the dome, which is an indicator of poor prognosis.
<b>Figure 2.</b>
Figure 2.. Post-transarterial chemoembolization MRI images.
Patient underwent right lobe transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)© and 1 month post-treatment scan shows large central areas of necrosis (A). However, there was no significant increase in apparent diffusion coefficient post-TACE (B), which is a predictor of poor response to TACE. The patient survival from the time of diagnosis was 2 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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