Advanced Imaging for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coexistent Renal and Müllerian Abnormalities

Abstract

Purpose of review: Abnormal development of the uterus, cervix, and proximal 2/3 of the vagina results in Müllerian duct anomalies. Because of the close embryologic relationship between the developing female genital and urinary tracts, abnormalities of the urinary tract often accompany Müllerian duct anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard-imaging modality in the evaluation of the anomalies of the female reproductive tract. This article discusses the imaging evaluation of Müllerian duct and accompanying urinary tract anomalies with a particular focus on the MRI findings.

Recent findings: Several studies have shown high concordance between MRI and three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) in the evaluation of Müllerian duct abnormalities. 3D US is more cost effective than MRI but has not yet been fully substantiated as a comparable modality to MRI. Additionally, 3D US does not help elucidate concomitant anomalies of the urologic system. Müllerian duct anomalies are often associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evaluation with MRI is important for the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and also helps with potential surgical planning.

Keywords: 3D ultrasound; Imaging; MRI; Müllerian duct anomalies; Urinary tract anomalies; Uterine anomalies.