Effect of A Polyphenol-Rich Canarium album Extract on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of Canarium album extract (CAext) on intestinal microbiota composition of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Kun Ming (KM) mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a HFD for six weeks. At the seventh week, HFD-fed mice were gavaged daily with saline, or a different dose of CAext for four weeks, respectively. Then, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Analysis of fecal microbial populations, grouped by phyla, showed significant increases of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, but a decrease of Bacteroidetes in all CAext-fed mice. Particularly, CAext gavage in a low dose or a medium dose caused a significant increase in the proportion of Akkermansia. These findings suggested that CAext can alter the gut microbiota composition of HFD-fed mice, and had a potential prebiotic effects on Akkermansia.

Keywords: Canarium album; gut microbiota; high-fat diet; polyphenol.

Figure 1

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots based on the OTU abundance of gut microbiota of each mouse. The closer the spatial distribution between spots, the greater the bacterial similarity among different groups. NC, normal control, mice were fed with a normal chow and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; MC, model control, mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; CAext-L, CAext-M, CAext-H mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 10 mg/(kg·d), 15 mg/(kg·d), and 20 mg/(kg·d) Canarium album extract (CAext), respectively.

Figure 2

Clustering analysis dendrogram of gut microbiota based on distances among different groups. NC, normal control, mice were fed with a normal chow and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; MC, model control, mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; CAext-L, CAext-M, CAext-H mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 10 mg/(kg·d), 15 mg/(kg·d), and 20 mg/(kg·d) Canarium album extract (CAext), respectively.

Figure 3

Relative abundance at the phylum level of gut microbiota among different groups. Other phyla refer to a taxa with a relative abundance ≤1% in any sample. NC, normal control, mice were fed with a normal chow and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; MC, model control, mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; CAext-L, CAext-M, CAext-H mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 10 mg/(kg·d), 15 mg/(kg·d), and 20 mg/(kg·d) Canarium album extract (CAext), respectively.

Figure 4

Relative abundance at the genus level of gut microbiota among different groups. Other genera refer to a taxa with a relative abundance ≤1% in any sample. NC, normal control, mice were fed with a normal chow and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; MC, model control, mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 20 mL/kg saline; CAext-L, CAext-M, CAext-H mice were fed with a high-fat feed and intragastrically administered 10 mg/(kg·d), 15 mg/(kg·d), and 20 mg/(kg·d) Canarium album extract (CAext), respectively.