Acute ACTH regulation of adrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis. Rapid accumulation of a phosphoprotein

Abstract

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to monitor proteins synthesized in unstimulated control and in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- or cAMP-stimulated rat adrenal cells. Four proteins, which have similar proteolytic peptide maps, have been identified. The two found primarily in unstimulated cells are referred to as pb and pa, where pb is the protein with more basic isoelectric point. Similarly, proteins ib and ia were detected only in stimulated cells. The synthesis of pb occurs only in unstimulated cells and that of ib only in stimulated cells. Protein ib accumulates with the same lag time, rate, and stimulant dose response as the increase in steroid hormone synthesis. Pulse-chase studies showed that protein ib is not produced from pb by a post-translational modification. Proteins pb and ib thus seem identical with proteins p and i previously identified in rat adrenal cortex and corpus luteum (Krueger, R.J., and Orme-Johnson, N. R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10159-10167, and Pon, L.A., and Orme-Johnson, N.R. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6594-6599). The acidic forms, pa and ia, appear after a longer lag time and are produced at a slower rate than the basic forms. Pulse-chase studies showed that the disappearance of the basic form of each protein occurs concurrently with the appearance of the corresponding acidic form. Addition of [32P]orthophosphate to stimulated adrenal cells allowed direct demonstration that proteins ib and ia are phosphorylated. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase treatment of [35S]methionine-labeled, cAMP-stimulated adrenal cells caused a large decrease in the amounts of ib and ia and the appearance of proteins with the same two-dimensional electrophoretic mobilities as pb and pa. These observations suggest that protein ib may mediate stimulation of steroidogenesis, be produced by an ACTH- or cAMP-dependent, cotranslational phosphorylation of protein pb, and be lost by a cycloheximide-insensitive, post-translational conversion to ia.