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Review
. 2018 Sep 6;4(3):108.
doi: 10.3390/jof4030108.

Standardization of G. mellonella Larvae to Provide Reliable and Reproducible Results in the Study of Fungal Pathogens

Olivia L Champion  1 , Richard W Titball  2 , Steven Bates  3
Affiliations
Review

Standardization of G. mellonella Larvae to Provide Reliable and Reproducible Results in the Study of Fungal Pathogens

Olivia L Champion et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

In the past decade, Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae have become widely used as a non-mammalian infection model. However, the full potential of this infection model has yet to be realised, limited by the variable quality of larvae used and the lack of standardised procedures. Here, we review larvae suitable for research, protocols for dosing larvae, and methods for scoring illness in larvae infected with fungal pathogens. The development of standardised protocols for carrying out our experimental work will allow high throughput screens to be developed, changing the way in which we evaluate panels of mutants and strains. It will also enable the in vivo screening of potential antimicrobials at an earlier stage in the research and development cycle.

Keywords: Galleria mellonella; end point; fungi; genome; infection model; pathological score.

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Conflict of interest statement

Olivia L. Champion and Richard W. Titball have an interest in BioSystems Technology Limited. Steven Bates declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in the appearance of G. mellonella larvae after infection (B) compared to healthy final instar stage larvae (A). Reproduced from [22] with the permission of the authors. Progressive melanisation of larvae is shown from right (none) to left (complete).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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