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. 2018 Sep 10;18(1):459.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3362-8.

Upper respiratory infections in a rural area with reduced malaria transmission in Senegal: a pathogens community study

Roger C Tine  1 , Léon A Ndiaye  2 , Mbayame N Niang  3 , Davy E Kiori  3 , Ndongo Dia  3 , Oumar Gaye  2 , Hélène Broutin  2   4
Affiliations

Upper respiratory infections in a rural area with reduced malaria transmission in Senegal: a pathogens community study

Roger C Tine et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are common causes of febrile illnesses in many settings in Senegal. These infections are usually managed presumptively due to lack of appropriate diagnostic tools. This situation, can lead to poor management of febrile illness or antibiotic misuse. In addition, there are limited data on the spectrum of pathogens commonly responsible for these ARI. This study was conducted to explore the pathogens community among patients with acute respiratory infection in a rural area in Senegal.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from August to December 2015. Children and adult patients attending Keur Socé health post for signs suggestive of acute respiratory infection were enrolled after providing inform consent. Eligible participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling method. Paired nose and throat swabs were collected for pathogen detection. Samples were processed using a multiplex PCR designed to identify 21 pathogens including both virus and bacteria.

Results: Two hundred and fifty patients participated in the study. Samples positivity rate was evaluated at 95.2% (238/250). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen (74%) and was present in all months and all age-groups, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (28,8%) and rhinovirus (28,4%). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected only among children under 5 years old in August and September while coronavirus was present in all age groups, during the months of October and December.

Conclusion: This pilot study revealed a diversity of pathogens over the time and across all age groups, highlighting the need for further exploration. A pathogen community approach including both virus and bacteria at a larger scale becomes crucial for a better understanding of transmission dynamics at population level in order to help shape ARI control strategies.

Keywords: ARI; Influenza; Pathogen community; RSV; Senegal; Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Participation to the study was strictly voluntary and patients who refused to be enrolled were not included in the study. A signed informed consent was obtained from each eligible participant prior to any investigation. For minor participants (age < 18 years) informed consent was obtained from parents or children’s legal representative prior to their enrollement. To ensure confidentiality, information collected during the study was analysed using participant’s identification code. The study protocol and other study related documents (CRF, Inform consent Form) were approved by the Senegalese national ethics committee (Conseil National d’Ethique et de Recherche en Santé – N°0166 MSAS/DPRS/CNERS du 10 Mai 2014.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pathogens distribution among the 250 analysed samples
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Monthly Distribution of pathogens (2015)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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