Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Oct;30(4):342-347.
doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Facial profile based evaluation of gingival zenith position in maxillary central incisors among Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi population

Kiran Kumar Ganji  1 , Mohammad Khursheed Alam  2 , Ashraf Farhan Alanazi  3 , Mohanad Aldahali  3
Affiliations

Facial profile based evaluation of gingival zenith position in maxillary central incisors among Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi population

Kiran Kumar Ganji et al. Saudi Dent J. 2018 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Recently quantitative evaluation of gingival zenith position was evaluated in different facial forms suggesting clinicians may need to evaluate patients facial form and then decide to distalise the Gingival Zenith position in relation to Vertical Bisected Midline (VBM). The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the gingival zenith width in convex, concave and straight facial profiles for Saudi, Indian and Bangladeshi nationals.

Materials/methods: 114 subjects of each Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi nationality were grouped into convex, concave and straight profile based on angle of convexity. Gingival zenith position (GZP) on #11 and #21 was evaluated on the scanned dental plaster model using CBCT. Inter and Intra group comparison was done using one-way ANOVA test.

Results: Mean GZP values ranged from 0.84 mm to 1.10 mm, 0.75 mm to 1.02 mm and 0.87 mm to 1.14 mm for Saudi, Indian and Bangladeshi subjects respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed in convex, concave and straight profile subjects of these nationalities.

Conclusion: GZP variation does exist in different facial profiles of Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi nationalities with respect to central incisors.

Clinical significance: These findings help clinician to consider facial profile as important entity in designing the smile following restorative and prosthetic procedures such as crown lengthening, teeth selection, implant esthetics and laminates.

Keywords: Esthetics; Facial profile; Zenith.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Measurement of GZP from VBM using digital calibrated caliper.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Measurement of GZP from scanned dental plaster images using CBCT. 1- Presents the horizontal line at apical contact point. 2- Presents the horizontal line at incisal contact point. 3- Vertical line extending till gingival margin joining the centre point of two horizontal line at contact point. 4- GZP located at apical most gingival part of gingival margin.5. Measurement of GZP from VBM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ahmad, I., 1998. Geometric considerations in anterior dental aesthetics: restorative principles. Practical periodontics and aesthetic dentistry: PPAD, 10, 813-22; quiz 824. - PubMed
    1. Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: Gingival perspective. Br. Dent. J. 2005;199:195–202. - PubMed
    1. Alam M.K. PPSP Publication; Malaysia: 2012. A to Z Orthodontics.
    1. Bhatsange A., Mehetre V., Waghmare A., Kerudi L., Ahire A., Shende A. A quantitative evaluation of gingival zenith position of maxillary central incisors in different facial forms. IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci. (IOSR–JDMS) 2015;14:62–65.
    1. Charruel S., Perez C., Foti B., Camps J., Monnet-Corti V. Gingival contour assessment: clinical parameters useful for esthetic diagnosis and treatment. J. Periodontol. 2008;79:795–801. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources