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. 2018 Sep 4;6(9):2325967118793392.
doi: 10.1177/2325967118793392. eCollection 2018 Sep.

Prevalence and Epidemiology of Injuries Among Elite Cyclists in the Tour de France

Heather S Haeberle  1 , Sergio M Navarro  1 , Eric J Power  1 , Mark S Schickendantz  2 , Lutul D Farrow  2 , Prem N Ramkumar  2
Affiliations

Prevalence and Epidemiology of Injuries Among Elite Cyclists in the Tour de France

Heather S Haeberle et al. Orthop J Sports Med. .

Abstract

Background: Cycling injuries are increasing, particularly among elite athletes during major events such as the Tour de France. Many athletes miss considerable time from sport and require surgical intervention. Little is known about the epidemiology of injuries to guide practice participation strategies, return-to-competition expectations, and injury prevention protocols.

Purpose: To evaluate the injury epidemiology, operative incidence, and return-to-competition timeline among all elite cyclists participating in the 21-stage Tour de France race over a span of 8 years.

Study design: Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods: All injuries sustained during 1584 unique rides by cyclists participating in the Tour de France from 2010 to 2017 were evaluated. In the absence of an established Tour de France injury database, demographic, injury, surgical, and return-to-competition details from all athletes who withdrew because of a traumatic injury were retrospectively compiled using publicly available data, which were cross-referenced for validity. The inclusion criterion consisted of any cyclist who withdrew from the Tour de France because of an injury; cyclists who withdrew for noninjury reasons were excluded. Independent variables included injury demographics, missed days, and whether the injury required surgery. Injury prevalence, relative frequency distributions, and sample proportions were dependent metrics for this investigation.

Results: Among the 1584 cycling entries evaluated over the 8-year study period, there were 259 cyclists (16%) who withdrew (17 cyclists/year). A total of 138 withdrawals were caused by acute trauma, 49% of which were fractures (n = 67), which represented the most common reason for withdrawal. A total of 29 (43%) cyclists with fractures underwent surgery. The most commonly fractured bones were the clavicle (n = 21), followed by the wrist (n = 6), hand (n = 5), femur (n = 5), humerus (n = 5), and ribs (n = 5). Cyclists who underwent operative fracture fixation had a longer time between the injury and their next race compared with those who did not undergo surgery (77 vs 44 days, respectively; P = .065).

Conclusion: The most common injury leading to withdrawal from the Tour de France over the study period was acute fracture, comprising 49% of all injuries. Almost half of the cyclists with fractures underwent surgery. The clavicle was the most commonly fractured bone. For cyclists who underwent operative treatment of their fractures, return to competition was more than 1 month longer than for those who did not. A prospective database is warranted to catalog injuries among these elite cyclists.

Keywords: cycling; economic and decision analysis; general sports trauma; medical aspects of sports.

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Conflict of interest statement

One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: M.S.S. has received educational support from Arthrex and is a paid speaker/presenter for Arthrex. L.D.F. is a consultant for MTF and Zimmer Biomet. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Injury types of cyclists who withdrew from the Tour de France from 2010 to 2017.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Types of injuries resulting in withdrawal from the Tour de France by year.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Distribution of fractures suffered by Tour de France cyclists from 2010 to 2017.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Return-to-competition times for cyclists who withdrew from the Tour de France because of an injury from 2010 to 2017.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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