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. 2018 Sep 8;10(9):363.
doi: 10.3390/toxins10090363.

Removal of Microcystin-LR by a Novel Native Effective Bacterial Community Designated as YFMCD4 Isolated from Lake Taihu

Fei Yang  1   2   3 , Jian Guo  4 , Feiyu Huang  5 , Isaac Yaw Massey  6 , Ruixue Huang  7 , Yunhui Li  8 , Cong Wen  9 , Ping Ding  10 , Weiming Zeng  11 , Geyu Liang  12
Affiliations

Removal of Microcystin-LR by a Novel Native Effective Bacterial Community Designated as YFMCD4 Isolated from Lake Taihu

Fei Yang et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and frequently detected monocyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, which poses a great threat to the natural ecosystem and public health. It is very important to seek environment-friendly and cost-efficient methods to remove MC-LR in water. In this study, the MC-degrading capacities of a novel indigenous bacterial community designated as YFMCD4 and the influence of environmental factors including various temperatures, MC concentrations and pH on the MC-degrading activities were investigated utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the MC-degrading mechanism of YFMCD4 was also studied using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-ESI-MS). The data showed MC-LR was completely removed at the maximum rate of 0.5 µg/(mL·h) under the optimal condition by YFMCD4. Two pure bacterial strains Alcaligenes faecalis and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiohila were isolated from YFMCD4 degraded MC-LR at a slower rate. The MC-degrading rates of YFMCD4 were significantly affected by different temperatures, pH and MC-LR concentrations. Two intermediates of a tetrapeptide and Adda appeared in the degradation process. These results illustrate that the novel YFMCD4 is one of the highest effective MC-degrading bacterial community, which can completely remove MC-LR and possesses a significant potential to treat water bodies contaminated by MC-LR.

Keywords: Adda; bacterial community; microcystin-LR (MC-LR); remove.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Construction of the phylogenetic tree based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the YFMCD4-1 and YFMCD4-2 using the neighbor-joining method.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of incubation temperature on the degradation rate of MC-LR by YFMCD4.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of MC-LR concentration on the degradation of MC-LR by YFMCD4.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of pH on the degradation of MC-LR by bacterial community YFMCD4.
Figure 5
Figure 5
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms obtained during MC-LR degradation incubated with bacterial community YFMCD4 at time 0 h (a), 4 h (b), and 10 h (c).
Figure 6
Figure 6
HPLC-ESI-MS spectrum of the biodegradation product A of MC-LR.
Figure 7
Figure 7
HPLC-ESI-MS spectrum of the biodegradation product B of MC-LR.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Putative degradation pathway of MC-LR and the formation of intermediate products (tetrapeptide and Adda) by YFMCD4. The small arrows indicate sites of peptide hydrolysis.
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