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Review
. 2018 Aug;4(2):104-106.
doi: 10.15420/cfr.2018.22.2.

Frailty in Heart Failure: Implications for Management

Cristiana Vitale  1 , Ilaria Spoletini  1 , Giuseppe Mc Rosano  1
Affiliations
Review

Frailty in Heart Failure: Implications for Management

Cristiana Vitale et al. Card Fail Rev. 2018 Aug.

Abstract

Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome associated with ageing and chronic illness, resulting from multiple organ impairment; physiological reserves decrease and vulnerability to stressors increase. The role of frailty in cardiovascular disease has become increasingly recognised. Up to 79% of patients with heart failure are frail. Moreover, frailty is associated with a worse quality of life and poor prognosis. This review summarises the available literature on frailty in HF and highlights indications for its management.

Keywords: Heart failure; ageing; frailty; management.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Overlapping Domains of Frailty
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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