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. 2018 May 22;7(5):754-759.
doi: 10.1039/c8tx00061a. eCollection 2018 Sep 1.

Influence of ZnO thin film crystallinity on in vitro biocompatibility

Nastassja A Lewinski  1 , Vitaliy Avrutin  2 , Tanin Izadi  1 , Lynn E Secondo  1 , Md Barkat Ullah  2 , Ümit Özgür  2 , Hadis Morkoç  2 , Erdem Topsakal  2
Affiliations

Influence of ZnO thin film crystallinity on in vitro biocompatibility

Nastassja A Lewinski et al. Toxicol Res (Camb). .

Abstract

This study evaluated the cytocompatibility of single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films using extract and direct contact methods. Exposure to poly-crystalline ZnO extract resulted in reduced cell viability, on average 82%/70% as measured by MTS/LDH assays, respectively. Direct exposure to both single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films resulted in reduced cell viability, which was attributed to anoikis due to inhibition of cell adhesion to the substrate by zinc. Intracellular zinc imaging suggests that single crystalline ZnO thin films do not result in a significant change in intracellular zinc concentrations. Overall, the results suggest that single-crystalline ZnO thin films have better short-term (24 h) cytocompatibility and support their potential to serve as a biocompatible sensor material.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. MTS (top) and LDH (bottom) results for L929 cells after 24 h exposure to increasing concentrations of sample extracts (n = 3). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reductions in both metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity were measured for ZnO/Si as compared to the negative control.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Morphological differences between cells grown directly on samples with (top row) and without (bottom row) pre-incubation in cell culture media. Cells attached and spread onto the substrates when pre-incubated with media before seeding. Without pre-incubation with media, cells appear round and apoptotic after 24 h exposure to latex, O-polar, and Zn-polar ZnO thin film-coated samples. Magnification = 20×. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. MTS (top) and LDH (bottom) results for L929 cells after 24 h direct contact exposure to samples (n = 3). Latex serves as a (+) control and percentages are with reference to cells grown on glass (–) control. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in cell viability were measured for O-polar single-crystalline and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Cytosolic zinc staining with FluoZin-3 in L929 cells grown directly on samples. Magnification = 20×. Scale bar = 100 μm.
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