Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases
- PMID: 30212079
- Bookshelf ID: NBK525159
- DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9_ch15
Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases
Excerpt
Chronic respiratory diseases are common and increasing in relative terms as causes of disability and death. They refer to noninfectious conditions of the lung and respiratory tract, excluding cancers and trauma. In the International Classification of Diseases, they are covered mostly in chapter X (table 15.1) (WHO 2010). This chapter focuses on the more common of these conditions, but we have been influenced by the availability of data. Not addressed are two common conditions of the upper respiratory tract—allergic and chronic rhinosinusitis—that cause considerable disability but are not associated with substantial mortality. Smoking cessation and reduction or elimination of other harmful exposures is an important component of the management of any chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco cessation is addressed in chapter 4 in this volume (Roy and others 2017) and in chapter 10 of volume 3 (Jha and others 2015).
The two main conditions contributing to death and disability are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both are clinical diagnoses and are associated with narrowed airways and difficulty exhaling. Asthma has become more common in many countries in parallel with increasing prevalence of allergic sensitization. COPD, in particular, is an increasing burden as the world’s population ages and tobacco smoking increases in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially among women. The effects of both diseases and mortality from all causes tend to be greater in persons with smaller lungs, and smaller lung volumes are more common in LMICs.
Although these diseases are rarely curable, effective treatments to reduce both disability and death are available and affordable.
© 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
Sections
Similar articles
-
Tuberculosis.In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11. In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11. PMID: 30212088 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
[Standard technical specifications for methacholine chloride (Methacholine) bronchial challenge test (2023)].Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2024 Feb 12;47(2):101-119. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20231019-00247. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2024. PMID: 38309959 Chinese.
-
Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN, Nugent R, editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 6. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN, Nugent R, editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 6. PMID: 30212160 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Sep;5(9):691-706. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30293-X. Epub 2017 Aug 16. Lancet Respir Med. 2017. PMID: 28822787 Free PMC article.
-
Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study.Lancet. 1997 May 24;349(9064):1498-504. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2. Lancet. 1997. PMID: 9167458
References
-
- Adams N P, Bestall J C, Lasserson T J, Jones P, Cates C J. 2008. “Fluticasone versus Placebo for Chronic Asthma in Adults and Children.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4: CD003135. - PubMed
-
- Agarwal R, Jindal S K. 2008. “Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review.” European Journal of Internal Medicine 19 (4): 227–35. - PubMed
-
- Aït-Khaled N, Auregan G, Bencharif N, Camara L, Mady E Dagli, and others. 2000. “Affordability of Inhaled Corticosteroids as a Potential Barrier to Treatment of Asthma in Some Developing Countries.” International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: 4 (3): 268–71. - PubMed
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources