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Review
. 2018 Sep;43(5):449-465.

Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia, High LDL, and Low HDL in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mehdi Akbartabar Toori PhD  1 , Faezeh Kiani MSc  2 , Fatemeh Sayehmiri PhD  3 , Kourosh Sayehmiri PhD  4 , Yousof Mohsenzadeh MD  5 , Rahim Ostovar PhD  1 , Parvin Angha MSc  1 , Yazdan Mohsenzadeh MSc  6
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia, High LDL, and Low HDL in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mehdi Akbartabar Toori PhD et al. Iran J Med Sci. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Chronic and abnormal increase of different types of dyslipidemia leads to some important diseases, such as constriction and abstraction of vessels in various parts of the body, especially in the heart. High lipid profile, such as increased total cholesterol and LDL as well as decreased HDL are recognized as cardiovascular disease risk factors. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of dyslipidemia in Iran by a meta-analysis method.

Methods: A literature search for studies published during 1998-2015 was carried out using both Persian and English databases (SID, Magiran, IranMedex, MedLib, PubMed, and Scopus). Keywords such as lipid, dyslipidemia, CVD, cardiovascular risk factors, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and prevalence were used in the search. Random-effects model was used for the analysis using STATA (version 11.2).

Results: In total, 163 articles were identified of which 49 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence (95% confidence interval) of eligible articles for high cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl and ≥240 mg/dl was 42% (95% CI: 38-45) and 17% (95% CI: 14-20), respectively. Moreover, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) for high LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl and ≥160 mg/dl was 40% (95% CI: 32-48) and 19% (95% CI: 16-23), respectively. The pooled prevalence estimate for low HDL-C (<40 among males, <50 among females) was 43% (95% CI: 33-53) in both sexes of the Iranian people. All types of lipid component abnormalities (hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C) were more prevalent in women.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of different types of dyslipidemia in Iran is substantial. Given the risk of complications (e.g. cardiovascular disease and control of different types of dyslipidemia) in Iranian people, it is important to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Dyslipidemias; Iran; Cardiovascular diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure1
Figure1
Flow chart of study selection according to MOOSE guidelines.
Figure2
Figure2
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (≥200 mg/dl). The square represents the effect of the estimate of individual studies (95 % confidence intervals) with the size of squares proportional to the weight assigned to the study in the meta-analysis. In this chart, studies are stored in order of the publication year and author’s names, based on a random effects model. Rhombic mark shows the prevalence in Iran extracted from all studies.
Figure3
Figure3
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of high LDL-C (≥130 mg/dl) in published articles. The midpoint of each line segment represents the estimated prevalence in the study. Rhombic mark shows the prevalence in Iran extracted from all studies.
Figure4
Figure4
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of low HDL-C (≤40 mg/dl) in published articles. The midpoint of each line segment represents the estimated prevalence in the study. Rhombic mark shows the prevalence in Iran extracted from all studies.
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