Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2018 Sep 14;26(1):79.
doi: 10.1186/s13049-018-0540-z.

Safety of on-scene medical care by EMS nurses in non-transported patients: a prospective, observational study

Wim Breeman  1   2 , Nathan A Poublon  2 , Michael H J Verhofstad  2 , Esther M M Van Lieshout  3
Affiliations
Observational Study

Safety of on-scene medical care by EMS nurses in non-transported patients: a prospective, observational study

Wim Breeman et al. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. .

Abstract

Background: After on-scene examination and /or treatment, emergency medical services (EMS) nurses must decide whether the patient requires further assessment or treatment, most frequently in a hospital. The primary objective of this study was to assess the reliability of the current EMS protocol by determining whether the decision not to transport the patient to a care provider was correct or not.

Methods: Adults receiving on-scene medical care by an EMS rapid responder or full team without transport to the hospital were included in this prospective observational study. The primary outcome measure was secondary consultation within 24 h after an on-scene EMS evaluation without transport for the same or a closely related complaint. The secondary outcome measures were patient satisfaction, type of secondarily consulted health care provider, provisional and definitive diagnosis, and correctness of the EMS members' decision to provide on-scene medical care without transport.

Results: Of the 1095 participating patients, 271 (24.7%) patients requested secondary medical attention for the same complaint. This percentage was significantly larger in incidents attended by an ambulance team than by a rapid responder (N = 248 (26.5%) vs. N = 23 (14.4%); p < 0.05). In eleven (1.0%) cases an urgent medical diagnosis requiring admission was missed. A total of 873 (79.7%) patients were satisfied with the decision not to be transported. In 44 (4.0%) cases the EMS nurse's decision was rated incorrect since the patient needed help contradictory to the EMS nurse's recommendation.

Conclusions: The data show that EMS nurses can effectively examine patients, but a low threshold of referral for consultation should be considered because one in four patients requested secondary medical attention for the same complaint(s) again. However, due to a low response rate (11.3%) more research is needed to further determine the safety of the current EMS protocol.

Trial registration: Not applicable.

Keywords: Ambulance; Care on the scene; EMS; Non-conveyance; Non-transport; On-scene; Paramedics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was exempted by the local Medical Research Ethics Committee (Reference No MEC-2014-145). All patients provided written informed consent to participate.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that there is that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study flow chart
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bakker EJ, Verhage V, Tuinstra J, Bouma J. Ambulanceritten zonder vervoer van de patiënt. Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen. 2014;3:119–124.
    1. Frankhuijzen NP. Kwaliteit van zorg bij “Eerste Hulp ter Plaatse ritten”. 2010.
    1. Gooselink B. Wel 112 gebeld, maar niet vervoerd. Een epidemioloisch onderzoek. De Ambulance, vakblad ambulancehulpverlening. 2006:27–32.
    1. Francissen O. Is eerstelijns hulpverlening ook een zorg voor de ambulancedienst? Nijmegen university of applied science. 2012;
    1. Ebben RHA, Vloet LCM, Speijers RF, Tonjes NW, Loef J, Pelgrim T, Hoogeveen M, Berben SAA. A patient-safety and professional perspective on non-conveyance in ambulance care: a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25:71. doi: 10.1186/s13049-017-0409-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types