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. 2018;13(3):211-217.
doi: 10.1007/s11678-018-0451-7. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Anterior shoulder dislocation and concomitant fracture of the greater tuberosity: Clinical and radiological results

Affiliations

Anterior shoulder dislocation and concomitant fracture of the greater tuberosity: Clinical and radiological results

Florian Dussing et al. Obere Extrem. 2018.

Abstract

Background: Recurrence rates after primary traumatic shoulder dislocation are distinctly high. We hypothesized that concomitant isolated fractures of the greater tuberosity are associated with low rates of persistent instability but decreased range of motion.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2013, 66 consecutive shoulders in 64 patients were treated for primary shoulder dislocation combined with an isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity with either a nonsurgical (48 shoulders, 72.7%) or surgical (18 shoulders, 27.3%) treatment approach. In all, 55 cases (83.3%) were available for clinical follow-up examination after an average of 59.0 ± 20.7 months (range: 25-96 months) and of these, 48 (72.7%) patients consented to radiological evaluation to determine healing and position of the greater tuberosity.

Results: The mean range of motion of the affected shoulder was significantly decreased by 9° of elevation (p = 0.016), 11° of abduction (p = 0.048), 9° of external rotation in 0° of abduction (p = 0.005), and 10° of external rotation in 90° of abduction (p = 0.001), compared with the unaffected shoulder. The mean WOSI score was 373 ± 486 points, the mean Constant and Murley score was 75.1 ± 19.4 points, and the mean Rowe score was 83 ± 20 points. Three cases (5.5%) of re-dislocation were reported among the cohort, all of them were due to a relevant trauma. Radiological evaluation revealed anatomically healed fragments in 31 shoulders (65%), dislocation of the fragment in ten shoulders (21%), impaction into the humeral head in four shoulders (8%), and absorption in three shoulders (6%).

Conclusion: A concomitant isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity leads to low recurrence rates along with a significant decrease in range of motion after primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.

Hintergrund: Die Reluxationsrate nach erstmaliger traumatischer vorderer Schulterluxation ist generell hoch. Eine begleitende Fraktur des Tuberculum majus wird als protektiver Faktor angesehen, könnte jedoch einen negativen Einfluss auf den Bewegungsumfang haben.

Methodik: Zwischen 2007 und 2013 wurden 66 Schulterverletzungen mit dem genannten Verletzungsbild entweder nach konservativem (48 Schultern, 72,7 %) oder chirurgischem (18 Schultern, 27,3 %) Behandlungsansatz an der Abteilung der Autoren versorgt. Davon wurden 55 Schultern (83,3 %) klinisch und 48 (72,7 %) auch radiologisch nachuntersucht. Mittels detaillierter Anamnese, 4 klinischen Scores – Constant-Murley Score, WOSI (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index), Rowe Score, subjektiver Schulterwert („subjective shoulder value“, SVV) – und Bestimmung des Bewegungsumfangs im Schultergelenk wurden Schulterfunktion und Schulterstabilität erhoben. Eine etwaige Dislokation des Tuberculum majus wurde mittels Röntgenaufnahmen in 3 Ebenen (a.-p., seitlich/Y-View, axial) analysiert.

Ergebnis: Der Bewegungsumfang der verletzten Schulter war im Vergleich zur Gegenseite durchschnittlich um 9° (p = 0,016) in der Elevation, um 11° (p = 0,048) in der Abduktion, um 9° (p = 0,005) in der Außenrotation aus Neutralstellung und um 10° (p = 0,001) in der Außenrotation aus 90° Abduktion signifikant eingeschränkt. Der durchschnittliche WOSI-Score betrug 373 ± 486 Punkte, der Constant-Murley Score betrug 75 ± 19 Punkte und der durchschnittliche Rowe Score betrug 83 ± 20 Punkte. In 3 Fällen (5,5 %) trat eine erneute Schulterluxation in der Kohorte auf, wobei sich 2 Fälle bilateral bei einem jugendlichen Epileptiker ereigneten. Die radiologische Auswertung ergab 31 (65 %) anatomisch eingeheilte Tuberkula, 10 Fälle (21 %), in denen das Fragment disloziert war, 4 Fälle (8 %), in denen das Tuberkulum in den Humerus impaktiert war, und 3 Fälle (6 %), in denen es zur Absorption des Bruchstücks gekommen war.

Schlussfolgerung: Eine begleitende isolierte Fraktur des Tuberculum majus verringert das Reluxationsrisiko nach vorderer Schulterluxation, führt jedoch gleichzeitig zu einer signifikanten Abnahme des Bewegungsumfangs.

Keywords: Conservative treatment; Range of motion; Recurrence; Shoulder fractures; Surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethical guidelinesF. Dussing, F. Plachel, T. Grossauer, T. Hoffelner, E. Schulz, A. von Keudell, A. Auffarth, and P. Moroder declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Surgical fixation techniques: a percutaneous reduction and fixation using 3‑mm cannulated self-tapping screws; b open reduction and fixation using sutures and suture anchors in a lateral single-row configuration; c screw fixation in combination with wire cerclages
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures: a avulsion type fracture; b split type fracture; c depression type fracture [21]

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